An anatomical study of the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population

The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) in the Turkish population. For this purpose, we investigated 110 inguinal regions of 56 cadavers between 1997 and 2007. The LCFA was found to be branched from the deep femoral artery (DFA) in 85 (77.3%) cases and from the femoral artery (FA) in 21 (19.1%) cases. In two (1.8%) cases the ascending and the descending branches of the LCFA branched separately from the DFA and FA. There was a common trunk of the DFA and the LCFA in one (0.9%) case, and a common trunk of the DFA, LCFA and the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) (trifurcation) in another (0.9%). We also measured the distance between the mid-inguinal point (MIP) and the origin of the LCFA. For LCFAs branching from the DFA the mean distance between these points was 4.8 ± 1.2 cm, while for LCFAs branching from the FA the mean distance was 3.4 ± 0.9 cm. We discuss the clinical importance of the artery and compare the results with the literature

An anatomical study of the origins of the medial circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population

The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) usually branches from the deep femoral artery (DFA). It may also branch from the femoral artery (FA). In this study 100 inguinal regions of 50 cadavers were investigated. In 79 extremities (79%) MCFA branched from DFA, while in 15 (15%) it branched from FA. In four extremities (4%) MCFA was found to be double; in each case one of MCFAs branched from FA and the other from DFA. In one of these four cases the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) was also double. In one case we found a common trunk of DFA and MCFA and in another case a common trunk of MCFA, DFA and LCFA. Clinicians must be familiar with the variations of this clinically important artery to improve their success in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in the region

Arterial supply of, and arterial preponderance in, the human interventricular septum.

Purpose of the study: To determine the pattern of arterial supply of, and eventual arterial preponderance in, the human interventricular septum (IVS). Material and methods: 100 human heart specimens (84 cadaveric specimens and 16 corrosion casts) were studied macroanatomically. In 20 cases, the coronary arteries were injected with barium sulphate and red gelatin. The intramural courses of septal arteries were exposed in 38 cases. Radiographs of the IVS were made in 8 cases. The IVS was divided into superior and inferior parts; each part was subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior sections; additionally, there was an apical section. In order to determine the nature of the arterial supply, the extramural portions of the septal branches were first dissected and evaluated; then, the intramural courses were traced. Results: The septal branches derived from arteries distributed in the coronary and interventricular sulci of the heart. The strongest of the septal arteries, the anterior descending septal artery (ADSA) or main septal artery, originated from the anterior interventricular artery (AIA) and was found in 72 cases. Its stem exhibited an average length of 16 mm and then bifurcated into superior and inferior or trifurcated into superior, inferior and deep (left) branches. These branches supplied the middle superior and middle inferior sections of the IVS. The moderator band and anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle received twigs from the inferior branch of the ADSA and from the fourth or fifth anterior septal arteries. The small left superior septal artery, which originated from the AIA but was not always present, supplied the anterior superior section of the IVS. The right superior septal artery, which derived from the initial part of the right coronary artery (RCA), nourished the middle superior section of the IVS (in cases in which the latter was not supplied by branches from the ADSA). The posterior septal arteries (including branches of the atrioventricular node artery) arose from the posterior interventricular artery (PIA) and supplied the superior and inferior posterior sections of the IVS. Apical branches derived from the terminal AIA and supplied the apical section. The most conspicious peculiarity was a stout right superior septal artery (RSSA), which in some instances supplied more than just the middle superior section of the IVS, reaching the moderator band and right anterior papillary muscle. Another peculiarity was the ectopic origin of one of the posterior septal arteries from the right marginal artery or even the stem of the RCA (frequency: 18 cases). Evaluation: In 92 cases a preponderance of the left coronary artery was evident because the anterior septal branches were frequent and large (among them the stout and long ADSA). A balanced type of arterial supply was found in 5 cases when the RSSA appeared to be as strong as the ADSA. A preponderance of the right coronary artery was found in 3 cases when the proximal RCA released a stout and long ("dominant") RSSA without the existence of a main septa

The relationship of the lingual nerve to the third molar region using radiographic imaging

Objective Lingual nerve damage is a common complication during oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures to the third molar region. The anatomy of the lingual nerve is variable, therefore the precise knowledge of anatomy of this nerve is important for decreasing the damage risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the position and the shape of the lingual nerve in the third molar region using radiographic imaging. Setting The Anatomy Department of Cologne University in Germany. Materials and Methods Firstly, an anatomic dissection of the lingual nerve in the third molar region was done on 10 whole heads and one sagittal hemisection head specimen of adult cadavers. After marking the nerve, x-ray films were taken. Vertical and horizontal measurements were made from the radiographs with an electronic digital caliper. Results The mean vertical and horizontal distances of the nerve to the lingual crista and lingual plate of the mandible were found to be 9.5 +/- 5.2 mm and 4.1 +/- 1.9 mm respectively. Additionally, of the 21 lingual nerves examined, 17 (81%) were round and 4 (19%) were flat. Conclusions The results reflect the relationship of the nerve to this area and may help the clinician to avoid the damage risk