NAYLON/PAMUK KARIŞIMI KUMAŞLARIN TEK BANYOLU BOYANABİLİRLİĞİNİ SAĞLAMADA KİTOSANLA KİMYASAL MODİFİKASYONUN ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmada, naylon/pamuk karışımı kumaşların tek banyo tek adımlı olarak boyanabilmesi için her iki lif komponentinin tek bir boyarmadde ile boyanabilir hale getirilmesi üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla kitosan ile katyonikleştirme yoluyla liflerin her ikisinin anyonik karakterli boyalarla boyanabilir hale getirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Fulardda yapılan kitosan aplikasyonları sadece çapraz bağlayıcı ve çapraz bağlayıcı + kitosan kullanılarak iki farklı şekilde yapılmıştır. Ardından işlemli ve işlemsiz kumaş numuneleri değişik boya sınıflarıyla (yün reaktifi, pamuk reaktifi, 1:2 metal kompleks) boyanmıştır. Yapılan denemeler sonucunda yün reaktifinin yanı sıra hem naylona afiniteli 1:2 metal kompleks boya hem de pamuğa afiniteli pamuk reaktifi ilavesi durumunda ön ve arka yüzlerin hem derinlik hem nüans olarak aynı seviyeye gelmesi sağlanabilmiştir. Laboratuvar ölçekli çalışmalardan elde edilen optimum sonuçlar işletme koşullarında da denenmiş ve renk ve yıkama, su, ter ve ışık haslıkları açısından tatmin edici sonuçlar alınmıştır. Ancak özellikle yaş sürtme haslıklarının düşük olması ve kumaşta yer yer düzgünsüzlük problemlerinin olması kitosan ile kimyasal modifikasyon işlemlerinin, laboratuvar ölçekli çalışmalarda başarılı sonuç vermesine karşın, işletmede üretim koşullarında kullanılabilmesinin bazı güçlükler içerdiğini ortaya koymuştur

Hepatic enzyme profiles in patients with acute viral hepatitis

Amaç: Bu çalısmada,Ave B tipi akut viral hepatit (AVH) tanısı almıs hastaların yas ve biyokimyasal özellikleri geriye dönük olarak degerlendirilmeye alınmıstır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalısmaya, 2004-2005 yılları arasında hastanemize basvuran 46 A ve B tipi AVH'li hasta dahil edilmistir. Çalısmaya alınan hastalar yas, cinsiyet ve basvuru sırasında ilk olarak ölçülen serum alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat a minotransferaz (AST), alkalen fosfataz (ALP), ! glutamil transpeptidaz (GGT), total ve direkt bilirubin düzeyleri açısından degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Çalısmaya 46 hasta alındı. Bu hastaların 40'ındaAtipiAVH(%87), 6'sında B tipiAVH(%13) vardı.A tipi AVH'li hastalarla B tipi AVH'li hastaların yas ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık vardı (p<0.001). Bu hasta grupları arasında serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total ve direkt bilüribin düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel farklılık yoktu. Sonuç: HastanemizdeAtipiAVH'li hastalar hepatit olgularının çogunlugunu olusturmaktadır. Bu durum hepatit B'ye karsı baslatılan immünizasyon çalısmalarına baglı olabilir.Objective: In this study, age, gender and biochemical markers in patients with hepatitis type A or B were evaluated retrospectively. Methods: Forty-six patients with hepatitis type A or B admitted to our hospital between 2004 and 2005 were enrolled in the study. All patients' age, gender and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltanspeptidase (GGT), total and direct bilirubin concentrations at the time of admission were evaluated. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 40 patients (87%) had hepatitis type A and 6 patients (13%) had hepatitis type B. There was a statistical difference between the patients with hepatitis type A and hepatitis type B according to age (p<0.001). There were no statistical differences between these patient groups with respect to serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total and direct bilirubin levels. Conclusion: Patients with hepatitis type A constitute the majority of hepatitis cases in our hospital. This is probably due to the immunization studies against hepatitis type B

NAYLON/PAMUK KARIŞIMI KUMAŞLARIN TEK BANYOLU BOYANABİLİRLİĞİNİ SAĞLAMADA KİTOSANLA KİMYASAL MODİFİKASYONUN ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

In this study, it was aimed to make each fiber components dyeable with a single dyestuff so that nylon / cotton blend fabrics can be dyed in the same bath. For this purpose, it was aimed to make each of these fibers dyeable with anionic dyes by cationization with chitosan. The chitosan applications made in foulard were made in two different ways using only cross-linking resin and cross-linking resin + chitosan. Then, treated and untreated fabric samples were dyed with different dye classes (wool reactive, cotton reactive, 1:2 metal complex). As a result of the trials, it was ensured that both the depth and nuance of the front and back sides of the fabric were same in the case of adding 1: 2 metal complex dye having affinity to the nylon and cotton reactive dye having affinity to cotton in addition to the wool reactive. Optimum results obtained from laboratory scale studies were also tested in mill conditions and satisfactory results were obtained in terms of color and washing, water, perspiration and light fastness values. However, it has been revealed that the wet rubbing fastness values are low and there are unevenness problems in the dyed fabric. For this reason, it is important to note that, even if chemical modification process with chitosan have been successful in laboratory-scale studies, this process have some limitations for being used in large scale production in mill conditions. © 2022. Tekstil ve Muhendis. All Rights Reserved

Morphological and biochemical investigation of the protective effects of panax ginseng on methotrexate-induced testicular damage

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that causes testicular toxicity used in the cure of various types of cancer. The anti-oxidant and anti-cancer effects of Panax ginseng (PxG) have been reported in both experimental and clinical studies. This study aims to examine the healing effect of PxG on testicular damage induced by MTX. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley male rats (8-week-olds) were used in the study. A single dose of MTX dissolved in saline (20 mg/kg) was given to MTX and MTX+PxG groups by intraperitoneal injection. PxG dissolved in saline (100 mg/kg) was given by orogastric gavage once a day for 5 days to the MTX+PxG group. Saline was given to the control and MTX groups orally during the experiments. After decapitation, the testis samples were obtained. Seminiferous tubules and basement membrane were evaluated histopathologically. Seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium thickness were measured. Furthermore, oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase were measured. Results: MTX treatment caused seminiferous tubule degeneration with a decrease in Johnsen’s score, the seminiferous tubule’s diameter, and the germinal epithelium’s thickness. Parallel with the histopathological results increased testicular oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease of endogenous anti-oxidant activity with a decrease in glutathione level and glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities. PxG treatment improved these histological and biochemical parameters in MTX-induced testis cytotoxicity. Conclusion: MTX treatment causes testicular damage via the oxidative processes. PxG treatment ameliorates MTX-induced testicular damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.Marmara Universit

Fermentation for Designing Innovative Plant-Based Meat and Dairy Alternatives

Fermentation was traditionally used all over the world, having the preservation of plant and animal foods as a primary role. Owing to the rise of dairy and meat alternatives, fermentation is booming as an effective technology to improve the sensory, nutritional, and functional profiles of the new generation of plant-based products. This article intends to review the market landscape of fermented plant-based products with a focus on dairy and meat alternatives. Fermentation contributes to improving the organoleptic properties and nutritional profile of dairy and meat alternatives. Precision fermentation provides more opportunities for plant-based meat and dairy manufacturers to deliver a meat/dairy-like experience. Seizing the opportunities that the progress of digitalization is offering would boost the production of high-value ingredients such as enzymes, fats, proteins, and vitamins. Innovative technologies such as 3D printing could be an effective post-processing solution following fermentation in order to mimic the structure and texture of conventional products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of Different Applications on Postoperative Seroma Formation and Wound Healing Following Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection in Rats

The most frequent postoperative complication after breast surgery is seroma formation. Seroma occurs due to lymphatic and vascular fluid leakage into the dead space created by surgical dissection. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of local fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc applications, and flap fixation technique on reducing seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection. In addition, we aimed to determine the level of efficacy for these applications, as well as to identify the most appropriate method to be used in operations with high risk of seroma formation. Materials and Methods. This experimental study was conducted using a total of 60 female Wistar albino rats. They were allocated into six groups and each comprised ten rats. Unilateral mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed on all the rats. Local applications of fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc, and alcoholic iodine were performed in four separate groups. Flap fixation technique was applied in one group and those rats that did not receive any intervention constituted the control group. On the 10th postoperative day, seroma was aspirated under anesthesia, and the amount of seroma fluid was recorded. Seroma fluid was analyzed for interleukin 1-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein levels. Tissue samples were obtained from the skin overlaying the dissection area, the axilla, and the thoracic wall. Wound healing was evaluated with histopathological examination. Results. Seroma volume was lower and the wound healing scores were the highest in the flap fixation group and the tetracycline group as compared to the control group. However, the alcoholic iodine group and the talc group had a greater amount of seroma (p &lt; 0.05). There was no difference between the fibrin glue group and the control group. Conclusions. In our mastectomy model, local application of alcoholic iodine and talc substances caused more wound site problems and postoperative seroma formation. While fibrin glue did not cause wound site problems, it did increase seroma formation. These three substances were determined to be inefficacious in postoperative seroma formation. Local tetracycline application and flap fixation technique were found to reduce postoperative seroma and benefit wound healing

The effect of renin-angiotensin blockers on COVID-19 related mortality: A tertiary center's experience

Background: The first reports on coronaviruse disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed an exaggerated mortality rate in hypertensive patients. In this regard, concerns about angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors’ and angiotensin-receptor blockers’ (ARBs) have been aroused. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the potential bad outcome effect of hypertension and anti-hypertensive therapy on COVID-19. Methods: 183 patients with polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-proven COVID-19, who were admitted to our hospital and consulted to cardiology department between 15th of March and 15th of April 2020 were included. Data were recruited from hospital records. Results: Thirty-two out of 183 patients with COVID-19 died in hospital. Hypertension incidence was not statistically different between patients who survived and died (76 [50.3%] vs 19 [59.4%, p = 0.352]). Although the usage rate of ACEI were similar among groups, ARB usage rate was significantly higher in patients who died than survived (11 [34.4%] vs 23 [15.2%], p = 0.011). Binary regression analysis showed an association between ARBs and mortality (OR: 0.032, 95% CI 1.045–2.623, p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our study confirmed previous concerns regarding a potential harmful effects of ARBs on COVID-19 related mortality.Kontext: První zprávy o onemocnění koronavirem v roce 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) ukazovaly na zvýšenou mortalitu jedinců s hypertenzí, což vyvolalo obavy ohledně užívání inhibitorů angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu (ACEI) a blokátorů receptoru AT1 pro angiotenzin II (ARB). Cílem naší studie bylo posoudit možnost nepříznivého vlivu onemocnění covid-19 na závažnost hypertenze a účinnost antihypertenzní léčby. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 prokázaným PCR testem, kteří byli v období od 15. března do 15. dubna 2020 přijati do naší nemocnice a následně odesláni na kardiologickou kliniku. Údaje byly získány z nemocničních záznamů. Výsledky: Celkem 32 ze 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 zemřelo v nemocnici. Incidence hypertenze se mezi pacienty, kteří přežili a zemřeli, statisticky významně nelišila (76 [50,3 %] vs. 19 [59,4 %]; p = 0,352). I když podíly pacientů užívajících inhibitory ACE byly v obou skupinách podobné, léčiva ze skupiny ARB užívalo statisticky významně více pacientů, kteří zemřeli, než těch, kteří přežili (11 [34,4 %] vs. 23 [15,2 %]; p = 0,011). Binární regresní analýza prokázala souvislost mezi užíváním ARB a mortalitou (OR: 0,032; 95% CI 1,045–2,623; p = 0,032). Závěr: Naše studie potvrdila původní obavy týkající se možných škodlivých účinků lékové skupiny ARB na mortalitu v souvislosti v onemocněním covid-19

The efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents for prevention of postpartum blood loss at undergoing cesarean section: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents on PPH in women undergoing cesarean section in our RCT. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled study (NCT05083910) performed at the Bezmialem Vakif University between July 2021 and January 2022. All women were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (n = 52) — oxytocin only; Group II (n = 52) — the combination of oxytocin plus intrauterine misoprostol; Group III (n = 52) — carbetocin only. The primary outcome measures were: PPH to evaluate with the change between the concentrations of preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and intraoperative blood loss. Results: The blood loss characteristics, including the change in hemoglobin and the change in hematocrit concentration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative additional hemostatic uterine sutures and the need for additional uterotonics, were lowest in group III, although all groups were comparable in terms of blood loss parameters. Group III had the highest blood loss ratio, exceeding 1000 mL. For the combination of oxytocin and intrauterine misoprostol, the ARR was 3.8% (95% CI 20.02–12.33), with a RR of 1.18 (95% CI 0.58–2.39) and a NNT of 26 (95% CI 8.1–4.9); for carbetocin, the ARR was 5.8% (95% CI 22.15–10.61), with a RR of 1.27 (95% CI 0.63–2.53) and a NNT of 17 (95% CI 9.41–4.51). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that carbetocin shows no superiority in the prevention of PPH in women undergoing cesarean section. Oxytocin still seems to be a highly effective alternative to prevent PPH

Association Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Atherogenic Coefficient and in-Stent Restenosis After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation for Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction:Despite improvements in stent science, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a major problem. This study was designed to evaluate the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) levels and their predictive values in patients who developed ISR after drug-eluting stent implantation for stable coronary artery disease.Methods:One hundred ninety-nine patients with ISR and 377 without ISR were included in the study. The biochemical and hematological parameters of the patients were measured. The AIP and AC values were calculated.Results:Patients with ISR had significantly longer stent length, lower stent diameter, lower ejection fraction, and higher SYNTAX score. They also had significantly higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, AIP, and AC compared to that of patients who did not develop ISR. AIP had a sensitivity of 61.3% and specificity of 72.1% for predicting ISR a cut-off value of 0.58. AC had sensitivity and specificity of 69.8% and 58.8%, respectively, for the presence of ISR a cut-off value of 3.44. LDL-C level of 111.5 mg/dL had sensitivity and specificity of 65.3% and 54% for developing ISR, respectively. Paired comparisons of area difference under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that AIP and AC had significantly greater area compared with that of LDL-C. Stent diameter, stent length, SYNTAX score, ejection fraction, AIP, and AC were the predictors of ISR.Conclusion:AIP and AC had higher specificities compared with that of LDL-C in predicting ISR. The calculation of AIP and AC is simple and could be used easily in clinical practice

The role of h-FABP and Myoglobin in Determining Disease Severity and Prognosis in STEMI

Introduction:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains as a single biggest cause of death worldwide. Heart-type fatty acid -binding protein (h-FABP) and myoglobin are small proteins present in the myocyte cytosol. In cases of myocardial damage, they can freely pass into the bloodstream. Thus, they might be useful in the diagnosis of ACS. The aim of this prospective study was to search the relationship between h-FABP and myoglobin levels and disease severity and mortality.Methods:One hundred-fourty-nine male patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction consitututed our study population. Two groups occurred according to low (<23) and high (≥23) SYNTAX score as group 1 and group 2. Blood specimens were taken for h-FABP and myoglobin analysis at hospital admission and at 12 h. Patients underwent coronary angiography for diagnosis and treatment, and the SYNTAX score was calculated. Participants were followed up for 72 months, and cardiovascular mortality rates were recorded.Results:H-FABP at admission and h-FABP level at 12th h were lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.001). We did not find significant differences between the myoglobin levels measured at the time of hospital entrance and at the 12th h in both groups. During 72-month follow-up, 123 patients survived and the survivors had a lower SYNTAX score, and a lower h-FABP level at admission. In the univariate analysi, h-FABP levels at admission and at 12 h were found to be independent predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. However, h-FABP levels did not predict mortality.Conclusion:In patients with ACS, measuring h-FABP levels at admission and in the late period (12th hour) are helpful, not only in the diagnosis but also severity and seriousness of CAD