Treatment of Class II Malocclusion with Prefabricated Elastomeric Appliance: Case Report

Aim:In this case report, orthodontic treatment of an 11 year-old girl with Class II division 1 malocclusion with minor rotations and diastemas using prefabricated elastomeric appliance (Multi-P) is described

Effect of shading devices on external pressure coefficients' of windvard surfaces of buildings

Binaların pasif olarak en etkin biçimde soğutulması amaçlandığında; güneş ışınımı engeli olarak tasarlanacak kontrol elemanlarının (GE), tasarım aşamasında rüzgar etkileri bakımından irdelenerek performanslarının optimize edilmesi zorunludur. Yukarıdaki gerekçeye dayanarak yapılacak çalışmanın amacı; özellikle rüzgar konusunda sayısal yöntemler yeterli olamayacağından, GE’lerin basınç ve taşınım katsayıları üzerindeki etkilerinin rüzgar tünelinde deneysel yolla ortaya konmasıdır. GE’lerin cepheye paralel, dikey ve 45 derece açılı konumlandırılışlarıyla ana üç seçenek, kanatlarının 0 – 45 - 90' kanat açılarıyla oluşturulmuş almaşıklar ve referans (BOŞ) durum da dahil olmak üzere toplam 19 adet farklı durum üretilmiştir. Seçenek ve almaşıkların her birinde tünel içi hızı (GH) 2.5 ms-1, 5.0 ms-1 ve 8.3 ms-1’de rüzgar üstü yüzeyde basınç ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bina yüzeyinde oluşan basınç katsayılarının (Cp) GE seçeneklerine bağlı olarak referans duruma (BOŞ) göre ne kadar farklılık gösterdiği incelendiğinde; % 95 güven aralığında, en dikkate değer fark referans durum ile (GE- CP- YK 0) yatay kanatlardan oluşan gölgeleme elemanının cepheye paralel konumlandırıldığı, 0 derece kanat açısında (t = 4.745, p =.0000 düzeyinde) ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçları pasif soğutma sisteminde rüzgar basıncıyla iç mekanlardaki hava hareketi hızının uygun düzeylerde sağlanıp sağlanamayacağının kestirilebilmesinde kullanılabilecektir. BOŞ durumda orta aksta cephenin tümünde Cp ort = ~ 0.80 düzeyinde elde edilen basınç katsayısı (Cp) değeri birçok ülkenin rüzgar yüklerine ilişkin yönetmeliklerine uyum göstermesine rağmen zemine yakın noktalarda mevcut benzer çalışmalardan ~ %10 daha büyük miktarlar ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gölgeleme elemanları, basınç katsayısı dağılımı, doğal havalandırma, pasif soğutma.Solar shading devices prohibit the passage of direct component of solar radiation at the same time decrease the chilling effect of winds on buildings by forming insulative air pockets in summer season. External solar shading devices vary as a function building crust orientation.  In other words they should be designed as auxiliary architectural parts. These parts may be manufactured from materials such as glass, wood, plastic, concrete or metal. Typologically their form resembles shield forms which are either parallel or perpendicular to the building façade. Wind imposed pressure variations have major influence on building thermal comfort through temperature, humidity and air circulation speed.  These entities vary as a function of wind direction, wind speed, building orientation, roof and façade shapes, building height and openings on winward and leeward façades.  Air mass flow rate that passes through the building may be calculated as a function of average inlet and outlet pressures. In order to obtain the effect of solar shading devices on the wind pressure field over the building surface, an experimental campaign is conducted in a wind tunnel which has a test cross section of 1x1 meter. The 4 mm thick Plexiglas building model which is 50 cm. in width, 30 cm in height and 50 cm in depth simulates 5x3x5 m full scale building forming one zone. Solar shading devices are made of aluminum and of two type wings that are placed parallel to border longitudinal or transversal. The wings make 0, 45 and 90 degrees with the device plane. The position of the shading devices that holds the wings together also makes 0, 45 and 90 degrees with respect to the vertical windward façade of the model.  Thus, including the baseline - situation unless shading device is mounted - case, 19 different configurations;   are investigated throughout the campaign. There are a total number of 105 pressure measurement points clustered around the edges on the windward face of the model. The measurements were made at 2.5 m/s, 5 m/s and 8.3 m/s average wind speeds. For the case in which solar shading devices are not attached to the façade, the Cp distributions stay in a very narrow band no matter what the wind tunnel speed is.  The minimum Cp values are recorded as 0.42, 0.38 and 0.40 for the three speeds: 2.5, 5.0 and 8.3 m/s respectively. The maximum difference between the Cp values happens to be 0.04. The pressure coefficients (Cp) data obtained for different configurations of shading devices   are compared with the baseline configuration by Paired Samples Test. They are found  significant difference in 95% confidence level, between basline case (BOS ) and  configuration  that is the shading device parallel to building surface and its wings closed (they make 0 degree with respect to the self plane ) (GE-CP-YK 0  ). The average Cp value along the central axis (Cpave ~ 0.80) obtained for basline case (BOS) is in good agreement with wind load regulations of many other countries. According to the positioning and shading intensity of opaque shading devices on the windward face, the Cp values vary between 130 % and 40% with the respect to baseline case. The correlation coefficients obtained along the C1 axis are calculated as 0.74 and 0.84 for the horizontal and vertical wing configurations respectively. The measurement points corresponding to the opening on the windward face give an average correlation coefficient of 0.73 for all configurations. The effect of Solar shading devices on building façade pressure coefficient distribution has been considered only by a few numbers of researchers in the field.  Therefore, excluding the baseline case, the results obtained in the present investigation are original data introduced to the building aerodynamics field. Air mass flow rate that passes through the building may be calculated as a function of average inlet and outlet pressures. In order to assess the usage of the results in the design of natural ventilation systems and cooling load calculations, different pressure and velocity measurement programs are being undertaken.  Keywords: Shading devices, forced convection heat transfer, wind pressure distribution, natural ventilation, passive cooling, natural  climatisation.

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Evaluation of heat transfer to the implant-bone interface during removal of metal copings cemented onto titanium abutments

WOS: 000376213500018PubMed ID: 27148993Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to measure the temperature increase due to heat transferred to the implant-bone interface when the abutment screw channel is accessed or a metal-ceramic crown is sectioned buccally with diamond or tungsten carbide bur using an air rotor, with or without irrigation. Materials and Methods: Cobalt-chromium copings were cemented onto straight titanium abutments. The temperature changes during removal of the copings were recorded over a period of 1 minute. Results: The sectioning of coping with diamond bur and without water irrigation generated the highest temperature change at the cervical part of the implant. Conclusion: Both crown removal methods resulted in an increase in temperature at the implant-bone interface. However, this temperature change did not exceed 47 degrees C, the potentially damaging threshold for bone reported in the literature

INVESTIGATION, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF LATE-ONSET HYPOGONADISM IN MALES

Introduction: As the world population grows older late-onset hypogonadism is becoming a major health problem affecting the quality of life of the older. The aim of this article is to summaries major guidelines and review recent scientific publishing to provide valuable information for the clinician who is treating patients suffering under late-onset hypogonadism

Assessment of Technical Difficulty and Complications of Urological Laparoscopic Operations According to “European Scoring System”: 228 Cases

Objective Standardization is important for the assessment of technical difficulty and complications in laparoscopic urology surgery. In this study, our laparoscopic operations and complications were evaluated retrospectively by using the European Scoring System and Clavien classification system. Materials and Methods We evaluated a total of 228 laparoscopic urologiy procedures performed between 2002 and 2007. The first 114 cases were named as group 1 and the second 114 cases as group 2. Both of the groups were classified regarding technical difficulty according to the European Scoring System. Complications were divided into two groups: major and minor. Postoperative complications were evaluated by the Clavien classification system. Results The rate of difficult operations was 24.5% and 56.1% in group 1 and group 2, respectively. In group 1, major and total complications were more common in difficult operations than in easy operations (p=0.045, p=0.006). Minor complications were similar (p=0.064). In group 2, complication rates were similar for both difficult and easy operations. (p=0.694, p=0.509, p=0.273). Complication rates per case was 0.21 (0-3) in group 1 and 0.19 (0-3) in group 2 and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.790). Postoperative complications were classified using the Clavien classification system. 17% (n=4/23) of 23 complication was grade 1, 48% (n=ll/23) was grade 2, 26% (n=6/23) was grade 3a, 9% (n=2/23) was grade 3b. There were no grade 4 and 5 complications. 3% of the cases were converted to open surgery and no statistically difference was found between the groups (p=0.446). Conclusion We assume that the European Scoring System and the Clavien classification system are important in the assessment of difficulty of the cases and standardization of the analysis of postoperative complications