Una interpretación de la hoguera bárbara: Quito, 28 de enero de 1912 (Debates)

Abonando las explicaciones e interpretaciones de la “hoguera bárbara”, particularmente a lo que pudo desencadenar la caída de Alfaro y el fin de su proyecto político, se propone indagar en las tres dimensiones del tiempo histórico: tiempo corto, coyuntura o tiempo medio y larga duración, para desentrañar algunas claves del proceso

Espacios y prácticas de sociabilidad letrada en Guayaquil: 1895-1920

Esta tesis tiene como propósito indagar en los aspectos más relevantes de la constitución de esferas públicas y estudiar el funcionamiento de las sociabilidades letradas, particularmente de los actores, espacios y prácticas culturales que contribuyeron a la formación de un campo literario en la ciudad de Guayaquil, entre 1895 y 1920

Sociabilidad letrada y modernidad en Guayaquil (1895-1920)

En este libro se explican las condiciones que posibilitaron las dinámicas de reproducción de las prácticas letradas en Guayaquil entre 1895 y 1920, particularmente en la conformación de un campo literario que puede ser considerado "moderno". La historia de la literatura ecuatoriana ha recalcado el papel innovador de los escritores y poetas modernistas en relación a la búsqueda de nuevos lenguajes. Sin embargo, no se había reflexionado sobre la constitución de los espacios y prácticas de sociabilidad letrada, cuya novedad radica en que, durante el período aquí estudiado (1895-1920), por primera vez fue viable el desarrollo de procesos creativos autónomos, separados del peso definitorio de la moral y la política. Los escritores de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX se diferenciaron de los anteriores porque crearon revistas literarias y círculos de reflexión sobre su oficio, con un sentido de autonomía radical, en nombre del “ideal” de ser modernos. Para ellos la crítica literaria desempeñó un rol primordial en la formación de nuevas sensibilidades culturales. Su actitud frente al hecho artístico los convirtió en escrutadores letrados de su medio, al mismo tiempo que en artífices de su propio campo de creación intelectual

The relationship between gut and nasopharyngeal microbiome composition can predict the severity of COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that displays great variability in clinical phenotype. Many factors have been described to be correlated with its severity but no specific determinants of infection outcome have been identified yet, maybe due the complex pathogenic mechanisms. The microbiota could play a key role in the infection and in the progression and outcome of the disease. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with nasopharyngeal and gut dysbiosis and higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Methods: To identify new prognostic markers for the disease, a multicenter prospective observational cohort study was carried out in COVID-19 patients that were divided in three cohorts according to their symptomatology: mild (n=24), moderate (n=51) and severe/critical (n=31). Faecal and nasopharyngeal samples were taken and the microbiota was analysed. Results: Microbiota composition could be associated with the severity of the symptoms and the linear discriminant analysis identified the genera Mycoplasma and Prevotella as severity biomarkers in nasopharyngeal samples, and Allistipes, Enterococcus and Escherichia in faecal samples. Moreover, M. salivarium was defined as a unique microorganism in COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal microbiota while P. bivia and P. timonensis were defined in faecal microbiota. A connection between faecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19 patients was also identified as a strong positive correlation between P. timonensis (faeces) towards P. dentalis and M. salivarium(nasopharyngeal) was found in critically ill patients. Conclusions: This ratio could be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19 patients.The research project was sup-ported by Government of Andalucia (Spain) (CV20-99908).N

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

El aparecimiento del saber histórico en Guayaquil: el Centro de Investigaciones Históricas (1930-1962) [Estudios]

El artículo analiza la producción historiográfica guayaquileña aparecida en el Boletín del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas. Primeramente, se realiza un acercamiento al contexto sociocultural de la ciudad-puerto entre 1930 y 1960. Seguidamente, se estudia la creación del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y el aparecimiento del Boletín, la primera publicación especializada en su ámbito, su contenido y los temas que atrajeron la atención de sus colaboradores. Finalmente se explora la influencia de esta institución en las conmemoraciones locales.This article analyzes the historiography produced in the Guayaquil periodical The Bulletin of the Center for Historical Research. The analysis begins with an overview of the sociocultural context of the port city between 1930 and 1960. The author then moves on to the creation of the Center for Historical Research and the appearance of the Bulletin, the first publication in its field. He outlines the bulletin’s content and the themes that attracted the attention of collaborators to the project. The essay concludes by exploring the influence of the Center for Historical Research on local commemorations