4,5-Dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (appel´s salt): Reactions with N-nucleophiles

Different N-nucleophiles have been reacted with 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel's Salt), producing imines containing the 1,2,3-dithiazole ring.The authors wish to express sincere gratitude to Prof. C.W. Rees for his support and advice during the stay of A.M.C at the I.C. and to the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia for providing a grant

New approaches to the synthesis of pyridinium N-heteroarylaminides

Different substituted pyridinium N-heteroarylaminides have been prepared in one step from N-aminopyridinium iodide and the corresponding heteroaryl halide by two alternative routes. The use of Pd catalysis allowed the easy preparation of products from the less reactive haloheterocycles. The use of water as a solvent in conjunction with microwave heating dramatically diminishes the reaction time without having an adverse effect on reaction yields.Universidad de Alcal

Pyridinium N-heteroarylaminides: synthesis of N-heteroaryltetramines based on 1,6-bis(phenoxy)hexane and 1,3-bis(phenoxymethyl)benzene

The synthesis of a set of new N-heteroaryltetramines is reported. A regioselective alkylation on the N-exo nitrogen of pyridinium N-(heteroaryl)aminide with the corresponding tetrabromo compounds, followed by a clean N–N bond reduction of the corresponding tetra-salts, allowed an easy and general method to obtain N,N′,N″,N‴-tetrakis(2-heteroaryl)tetramines.Ministerio de Educación y Cienci

Nociones de crecimiento y desarrollo económico

Texto en galego e españolNO

A green synthesis of isatoic anhydrides from isatins with urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and ultrasound

The oxidation of isatins at room temperature, using the cheap and environmentally friendly urea-hydrogen peroxide complex and ultrasonic irradiation, has been investigated. The ultrasonic irradiation dramatically reduces the reaction time. With easy and reproducible reaction procedures, different isatoic anhydrides were obtained in excellent yield and with high purity.The authors acknowledge support for this work from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología through project CTQ2005-01060 and a Grant (SAB2004-0060) for T.D. as a Visiting Professor

Microwave-assisted parallel synthesis of a 2-aryl-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione library

An efficient parallel synthesis of a representative 28-member library of phthalimides is described. Parallel chromatography afforded the library members in suitable purity and with high yields

Palladium-catalysed amination of 2-acyl-1-alkyl-5-bromopyrroles

The first intermolecular C–N bond-forming reactions between substituted 2-bromopyrroles and primary and cyclic secondary amines were performed using Pd2(dba)3 as catalyst with BINAP as the ligand. The aminations proceeded in the presence of NaOtBu at 80–100 °C in 31–93% yields.Financial support from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a (CICYT, project BQU2001-1508) is gratefully acknowledged

Suzuki reaction on pyridinium N-(5-bromoheteroar-2-yl)aminides

The reactivity of substituted pyridinium N-(2'-azinyl)aminides in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is reported. The reaction proceeds in good yield employing Cs2CO3 as base, and producing substitution on the neg. charged moiety. [on SciFinder(R)]We wish to thank the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT-BQU2001-1508) for financial support, and the Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (MEC) for a studentship (M.J.R.)

Synthesis of carbo- and heterobiaryls by intermolecular radical addition of aryl bromides onto aromatic solvents

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) and azabisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) promoted the intermolecular arylation of aryl and heteroaryl bromides onto aromatic solvents under thermal conditions via a radical pathway.Financial support by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a (CICYT, project BQU2001-1508) and a grant to one of us by the Universidad de Alcalá (A.N) are gratefully acknowledged

The impact of E-learning and ICT on English language learning: COVID-19 context

Background: E-learning and ICT have developed an innovative way of teaching English. To make sure the learning of this foreign language is effective, educational establishments and universities adjusted their infrastructure and technological devices. Aim: This article aims to present the results from a comprehensive examination of the literature regarding the Effects of E-learning and ICT on English language learning in COVID-19. Methods: The investigators made use of the PRISMA MODEL to determine the 65 articles to be included in the sample selection. A systematic search was performed on databases to select articles on E-learning and ICT related to English language learning. The databases employed for this study were Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, cademic Publishing (ACPI), Springer, Scopus, ECLAC, and MINTIC. Results: These technologies experienced an increase in usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Incorporating e-learning and ICT has made language learning more dynamic. In addition, it demanded training of teachers to manage the tools and resources that they offer