Association of Job Stress and Health Promotion Behaviors with Quality of Life among Female Riot Police Officers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of job stress and health promotion behaviors with the quality of life in female riot police officers. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted, and a convenience sample of 182 female riot police officers from 5 Metropolitan Police Agencies in South Korea. All participants completed a self-administered survey questionnaire that assessed job stress, health promotion behavior, and quality of life in May 2018. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, and correlation and multiple linear regression analyses, all of which were executed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and STATA 13.0. Results: The level of job stress among participants was moderate, and the mean was 45.25 out of a maximum possible score of 100. The mean scores that emerged for health promotion behaviors and the quality of life were 2.62 (maximum=4) and 56.59 (maximum=100), respectively. Job stress (r=-.380, p<.001) and health promotion behaviors (r=.559, p<.001) were correlated with the quality of life. The statistically significant predictors of the quality of life were job stress (β=-.212, p=.001) and health promotion behaviors (β=.417, p<.001). Conclusion: The variables that were associated with the quality of life of female riot police officers were job stress and health promotion behaviors. Therefore, interventions that can enhance job stress management and health promotion behaviors are needed to improve the quality of life of female riot police officers.ope

The Domains of the Competencies of Trauma Nursing : A Scoping Review

This study was conducted to identify the domains of the competencies of trauma nursing through a scoping review using the JBI(Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. The keywords are trauma, nurs∗ nurs∗ , competenc∗ competenc∗ , role∗ role∗ , attitude, and knowledge and skill. The review used information from six databases: CINAHL, Pubmed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified as strategies to use in this review. 8 studies were eligible for result extraction, as they listed domains of the competencies. These domains among studies were analyzed based on Trauma Care System and Lenburg's COPA(Competency Outcomes and Performance Assessment) model. Domains in 'Prehospital care & transport', 'Hospital care' and 'Rehabilitation' of Trauma Care System were present, but no domain in 'Injury prevention' was.ope

Factors Associated with Daily Completion Rates in a Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Objectives: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods are known to have validity for capturing momentary changes in variables over time. However, data quality relies on the completion rates, which are influenced by both participants' characteristics and study designs. This study applied an EMA method using a mobile application to assess momentary moods and stress levels in patients with Moyamoya disease to examine variables associated with EMA completion rates. Methods: Adults with Moyamoya disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Patients with cognitive impairment were excluded. The EMA survey was loaded as a mobile application onto the participants' personal smartphones. Notifications were sent at semi-random intervals four times a day for seven consecutive days. Daily completion rates were calculated as the percentage of completed responses per day; overall completion rates were calculated as the proportion of completed responses per total of the 28 scheduled measures in the study and assessed through a descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis, with mixed modeling to identify the point at which the daily completion rate significantly decreased. Results: A total of 98 participants responded (mean age, 41.00 ± 10.30 years; 69.4% female; 75.5% married). The overall completion rate was 70.66%, with no gender or age differences found. The daily completion rate decreased significantly after day 5 (p = 0.029). Conclusions: Obtaining a good completion rate is essential for quality data in EMA methods. Strategic approaches to a study design should be established to encourage participants throughout a study to improve completion rates.ope

Emergency Department Nursing Activities : Retrospective Study on Data from Electronic Nursing Records

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the type and frequency of nursing activities targeting emergency department patients by analyzing electronic nursing records. Methods : This retrospective study identified the characteristics of and nursing activities for adult patients who visited a university hospital emergency department for 6 months from January to June 2018 by analyzing the hospital’s electronic nursing records. Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the characteristics of patients and the nursing records. Results : A total of 36,435 patients, with an average age of 52.82±19.91 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.16, participated in the study. The number of patients with Korean Triage and Acuity Scale levels 4 (less urgent) and 5 (non-urgent) were 24,403 (67% of the total number). Referrals were requested 1.21±0.54 times per patient. The most frequent NANDA diagnosis and Nursing Intervention Classification intervention were “Risk for unstable blood glucose level” (858, 28.4%), and “Surveillance” (83,131, 23.9%). The most frequent Clinical Care Classification action type was “Assess or Monitor” (313,729, 38.5%). The higher the severity level and the number of referrals, the more the recorded numbers of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and care activities. Conclusion : This study demonstrated the possibility of nursing task analysis by identifying the type and frequency of nursing activities based on the data from electronic nursing records. Further research on electronic nursing records would contribute to the usefulness of these records for nursing workload analysis and effective workforce management.ope

Violence prevention in the mental health setting: The New York State experience

In 1996 the New York State Office of Mental Health issued a policy requiring all State-operated psychiatric facilities to develop and implement a proactive violence-prevention program based on guidelines issued by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This presented an opportunity to evaluate the impact of the guidelines on worker health and safety. The authors report the findings of a mixed-method study to evaluate the feasibility and impact of a participatory intervention to prevent workplace violence. They describe the implementation of the intervention in 3 in-patient facilities, including an extensive worksite analysis, staff focus groups, and a baseline and post-intervention survey of changes in staff perception of the quality of the program's elements and physical assault following implementation of the program. The authors provide evidence for the feasibility and positive impact of a comprehensive violence-prevention program in the in-patient mental health workplace. Staff perception of the quality of management commitment and employee involvement in violence-prevention was significantly improved in all worksites post-implementation.ope

Evaluating real-time momentary stress and affect in police officers using a smartphone application

Background: Police officers work under stressful conditions, and the resulting occupational stress may impact their health and well-being through changes in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). It is therefore important to assess officers' stress, PA, and NA while it is experienced. This study evaluates police officers' momentary stress and affect in real-world settings using an ecological momentary assessment, and examines the within-person (W) and between-person (B) factors that influence momentary affect. Methods: Eighty-nine police officers were recruited in South Korea. Participants completed questionnaires about their momentary stress and affect using a smartphone application. The associations between momentary stress, momentary contextual environment, momentary PA, and momentary NA were examined using mixed modeling. Results: Social overload (W: -.37), work discontent (W: -.45, B: -.73), social tension (W: -.79, B: -.67), and pressure to perform (W: -.29, B: -.49) were significantly associated with lower PA. Work overload (B: .33) and social isolation(W: .48, B: .31) were significantly associated with higher PA. Being with family (W: .71, B: .91) and friends (W: 1.89, B: 2.45) were significantly associated with higher PA. Being at home or other places away from the work place were significantly associated with higher PA (W: 1.01) and when patrolling or investigating were associated with lower PA (B: - 1.13). Lack of social recognition (W: 1.74, B: 2.33), work discontent (W: 1.59, B: 1.88), social tension (W: 1.74, B: 2.92), and pressure to perform (W: .78, B: 1.92) were significantly associated with higher NA. Being with colleagues (W: - 1.43), family (W: -1.38, B: - 2.66) and friends (W: -1.78, B: - 2.45) were associated with lower NA. Conclusions: Momentary within-person and between-person stress factors and contextual factors influenced police officers' momentary affect. These factors should be considered when developing interventions to mitigate stress and improve affect in police officers.ope

Factor Associated with Injury Related to Home Mechanical Ventilation in General Ward Patients: A Retrospective Study

Purpose: This study aims to describe the characteristics of safety incidents and factors associated with injury for patients with Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) at the hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Data were collected from the work log of respiratory home care nurses and the patients' electronic medical records were investigated. In order to compare group differences, independent t-test and χ2 test were used. Associated factors with injury development were identified by generalized mixed modeling analysis controlling for age and gender. Results: A total of 304 patients on HMV were included in this study, among which 129 (42.4%) experienced 352 HMV-related incidents. Mean frequency of incidents for each patient was 5.11±3.98, ranged from 1 to 15 times. In 19.0% of the incidents, injury was developed. Types of incident and persons involved in the incidents were significantly associated with the patient's injury. In the case of the safety incidents, patient's injury was significantly higher in accidents caused by respiratory circuit problems compared to those caused by problems with the ventilator operation by the medical staff (coefficient=1.25, p=.020). In addition, in the case of those involved in the safety incidents, patient's injury was significantly higher in the accident caused by the patient family members or caregivers than that caused by the medical personnel (coefficient=1.25, p=.019). Conclusion: In order to minimize injury caused by incidents in patients with HMV, hospitals need to provide systemic education to their medical staff and caregivers to enhance awareness of the importance of reporting and safety management.ope

Mediating role of coping style on the relationship between job stress and subjective well-being among Korean police officers

Background: Police officers have long been known to have one of the most stressful occupations. This study investigates their stress levels, coping styles, and subjective well-being, including affect and life satisfaction. We also explore the interrelationships of these factors to determine how coping style influences a police officer's subjective well-being. Methods: We used a convenience sampling method for 112 police officers in a metropolitan area in South Korea. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of the following scales: job stress, coping style, positive/negative affect, and life satisfaction that measured subjective well-being. Descriptive statistics, a correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS macro, and bootstrap analysis were performed. Results: The level of job stress for the participants was moderate, with an average of 43.57 out of 100. The mean scores of positive affect was 17.38 out of 40, 8.50 out of 40 for negative affect, and 20.76 out of 35 for life satisfaction. Job stress and coping were significantly correlated with subjective well-being, and problem-solving style mediated stress, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Lastly, assistance pursuit style mediated stress and positive affect. Conclusions: Participants' problem-solving and assistance pursuit coping styles were shown as important mediating factors for stress and subjective well-being, especially positive affect. These findings need to be considered when planning interventions and implementing strategies focusing on the psychosocial health of the improvement of police officers' well-being.ope

Social Media in Clinical Practice

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Effective behavioral intervention strategies using mobile health applications for chronic disease management: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) has continuously been used as a method in behavioral research to improve self-management in patients with chronic diseases. However, the evidence of its effectiveness in chronic disease management in the adult population is still lacking. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on process measures as well as health outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to improve chronic disease management. METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled studies that were published between January 2005 and March 2016 were searched in six databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were RCTs that conducted an intervention using mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets for adult patients with chronic diseases to examine disease management or health promotion. RESULTS: Of the 12 RCTs reviewed, 10 of the mHealth interventions demonstrated statistically significant improvement in some health outcomes. The most common features of mHealth systems used in the reviewed RCTs were real-time or regular basis symptom assessments, pre-programed reminders, or feedbacks tailored specifically to the data provided by participants via mHealth devices. Most studies developed their own mHealth systems including mobile apps. Training of mHealth systems was provided to participants in person or through paper-based instructions. None of the studies reported the relationship between health outcomes and patient engagement levels on the mHealth system. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from mHealth intervention studies for chronic disease management have shown promising aspects, particularly in improving self-management and some health outcomes.ope