75 research outputs found
ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìí íì ë ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ê°ì§ë ë¥ë¬ë ë¹ì ìŽí늬ìŒìŽì ì ë¹ ë¥ž ì ì
íìë
Œë¬ž(ë°ì¬) -- ììžëíêµëíì : 공곌ëí 컎íší°ê³µíë¶, 2022.2. ì ì¹ì£Œ.ë¥ ë¬ë êž°ë° ë°©ë²ì ëëŒìŽ ì±ê³µì ì£Œë¡ ë§ì ìì ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí°ë¡ ë¬ì±ëìë€. ì íµì ìž êž°ê³ íìµ ë°©ë²ê³Œ ë¹êµíŽì ë¥ë¬ë ë°©ë²ì ì죌 í° ë°ìŽí°ì
ìŒë¡ë¶í° ì¢ì ì±ë¥ì ê°ì§ 몚ëžì íìµí ì ìë€. íì§ë§ ê³ íì§ì ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí°ë ë§ë€êž° ìŽë µê³ íëŒìŽë²ì 묞ì ë¡ ë§ë€ ì ìì ëë ìë€. ê²ë€ê° ì¬ëì ì죌 í° ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí°ê° ììŽë íë¥í ìŒë°í ë¥ë ¥ì 볎ì¬ì€ë€.
ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë ìë²ì ë¹êµíŽì ì íì ìž ê³ì° ë¥ë ¥ì ê°ì§ë€. í¹í íìµ ê³Œì ì ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ìì ìííë ê²ì ë§€ì° ìŽë µë€. íì§ë§, ëë©ìž ë³í 묞ì ì íëŒìŽë²ì 묞ì 륌 ê³ ë €íì ë ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ìì íìµ ê³Œì ì ìííë ê²ì ë°ëì§íë€. 볞 ë
Œë¬žììë ê³ì°ë¥ë ¥ìŽ ìì ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìíŽ ì ì 곌ì ì ì íµì ìž íìµ ê³Œì ëì ê³ ë €íë€.
ì íµì ìž ë¶ë¥ 묞ì ë íìµ ë°ìŽí°ì í
ì€íž ë°ìŽí°ê° ëìŒí ë¶í¬ìì íìëìì곌 ë§ì ìì íìµ ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ê°ì íë€. ë¹ì§ë ëë©ìž ìŽëí
ìŽì
ì í
ì€íž ë°ìŽí°ê° íìµë°ìŽí°ì ë€ë¥ž ë¶í¬ìì íìëë ìí©ì ê°ì íë©° êž°ì¡Žì ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí°ì íìµë 몚ëžì ìŽì©íŽ ìë¡ìŽ ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ë¶ë¥íë 묞ì ìŽë€. íšì· íìµì ì ì ìì íìµ ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ê°ì íë©° ììì ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí°ë§ì ê°ì§ê³ ìë¡ìŽ ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ë¶ë¥íë 묞ì ìŽë€. ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìíŽ ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì íµíŽ ë¹ì§ë ëë©ìž ìŽëí
ìŽì
ì±ë¥ì ê°ííë ë°©ë²ê³Œ ì§ë 컚ížëŒì€í°ëž íìµì íµíŽ íšì· íìµ ì±ë¥ì ê°ííë ë°©ë²ì ì ìíìë€. ë ë°©ë²ì 몚ë ì ì ë¶ë¥ë ë°ìŽí° 묞ì 륌 ë€ë£šë©° ë€ë§ ìë¡ ë€ë¥ž ìë늬ì€ë¥Œ ê°ì íë€.
첫 ë²ì§ž ë°©ë²ì ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìíŽ ë€ížìí¬ ëªšëžê³Œ íëŒë¯ží° ì íì ëì ìµì í륌 íµíŽ ë¹ì§ë ëë©ìž ìŽëí
ìŽì
ì±ë¥ì ê°ííë ë°©ë²ìŽë€. ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì Office ë°ìŽí°ì
곌 ê°ìŽ ìì ë°ìŽí°ì
ì ë€ë£°ë ë§€ì° ì€ìíë€. í¹ì§ ì¶ì¶êž°ë¥Œ ê°±ì íì§ ìë ë¹ì§ë ëë©ìž ìŽëí
ìŽì
ìê³ ëŠ¬ìŠì ì¬ì©íê³ ì죌 í° ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì ì¡°í©íë ë°©ë²ìŒë¡ ëì ì íë륌 ì»ì ì ìë€. ë ëìê° ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìíŽ ìê³ ê°ë²ŒìŽ ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì ì€ííìë€. ì§ì°ìê°ì ì€ìŽêž° ìíŽ ì잡Ʞ륌 ëì
í ì§í ìê³ ëŠ¬ìŠìŒë¡ ë°©ë²ì ììë¶í° ëê¹ì§ ìµì ííìë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ íëŒìŽë²ì륌 ì§í€êž° ìí ë¹ì§ë ëë©ìž ìŽëí
ìŽì
ìë늬ì€ì ëíŽ ê³ ë €íìë€. ëí ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ìì ì¢ ë íì€ì ìž ìë늬ì€ìž ìì ë°ìŽí°ì
곌 object detection ì ëíŽìë ì€ííìë€. ë§ì§ë§ìŒë¡ ì°ìì ìž ë°ìŽí°ê° ì
ë ¥ë ë ì€ê° ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ íì©íì¬ ì§ì°ìê°ì ë ê°ììí€ë ë°©ë²ì ì€ííìë€. Office31곌 Office-Home ë°ìŽí°ì
ì ëíŽ ê°ê° 5.99ë°°ì 9.06ë°° ì§ì°ìê° ê°ì륌 ë¬ì±íìë€.
ë ë²ì§ž ë°©ë²ì ì§ë 컚ížëŒì€í°ëž íìµì íµíŽ íšì· íìµ ì±ë¥ì ê°ííë ë°©ë²ìŽë€. íšì· íìµ ë²€ì¹ë§í¬ììë ë² ìŽì€ ë°ìŽí°ì
ìŒë¡ í¹ì§ ì¶ì¶êž°ë¥Œ íìµíêž° ë묞ì ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì ì¬ì©í ì ìë€. ëì ì, ì§ë 컚ížëŒì€í°ëž íìµì íµíŽ í¹ì§ ì¶ì¶êž°ë¥Œ ê°ííë€. ì§ë 컚ížëŒì€í°ëž íìµê³Œ ì 볎 ìµëí ê·žëŠ¬ê³ íë¡í íì
ì¶ì ë°©ë²ì ì¡°í©íì¬ ì죌 ëì ì íë륌 ì»ì ì ìë€. í¹ì§ ì¶ì¶êž°ì 믞늬 ëëŽêž°ë¥Œ íµíŽ ìŽë ê² ì»ì ì íë륌 ìíìê° ê°ìë¡ ë°ê¿ ì ìë€.
ížëì€ëí°ëž 5-ìšìŽ 5-ì· íìµ ìë늬ì€ìì 3.87ë°° ì§ì°ìê° ê°ì륌 ë¬ì±íìë€.
볞 ë°©ë²ì ì íë륌 ìŠê°ìíš í ì§ì°ìê°ì ê°ììí€ë ë°©ë²ìŒë¡ ììœí ì ìë€. 뚌ì ìŽë¯žì§ë·ìì 믞늬 íìµë 몚ëžì ì°ê±°ë ì§ë 컚ížëŒì€í°ëž íìµì íµíŽ í¹ì§ ì¶ì¶êž°ë¥Œ ê°ííŽì ëì ì íë륌 ì»ëë€. ê·ž í ì§í ìê³ ëŠ¬ìŠì íµíŽ ììë¶í° ëê¹ì§ ìµì ííê±°ë 믞늬 ëëŽêž°ë¥Œ íµíŽ ì§ì°ìê°ì ì€ìžë€. ì íë륌 ìŠê°ìíš í ì§ì°ìê°ì ê°ììí€ë ë ëšê³ ì ê·Œ ë°©ìì ì£ì§ ì¥ë¹ë¥Œ ìí íì ë ë°ìŽí°ë¥Œ ê°ì§ë ë¥ë¬ë ë¹ì ìŽí늬ìŒìŽì
ì ë¹ ë¥ž ì ìì ë¬ì±íëë° ì¶©ë¶íë€.The remarkable success of deep learning-based methods are mainly accomplished by a large amount of labeled data. Compared to conventional machine learning methods, deep learning-based methods are able to learn high quality model with a large dataset size. However, high-quality labeled data is expensive to obtain and sometimes preparing a large dataset is impossible due to privacy concern. Furthermore, human shows outstanding generalization performance without a huge amount of labeled data.
Edge devices have a limited capability in computation compared to servers. Especially, it is challenging to implement training on edge devices. However, training on edge device is desirable when considering domain-shift problem and privacy concern. In this dissertation, I consider adaptation process as a conventional training counterpart for low computation capability edge device.
Conventional classification assumes that training data and test data are drawn from the same distribution and training dataset is large. Unsupervised domain adaptation addresses the problem when training data and test data are drawn from different distribution and it is a problem to label target domain data using already existing labeled data and models. Few-shot learning assumes small training dataset and it is a task to predict new data based on only a few labeled data. I present 1) co-optimization of backbone network and parameter selection in unsupervised domain adaptation for edge device and 2) augmenting few-shot learning with supervised contrastive learning. Both methods are targeting low labeled data regime but different scenarios.
The first method is to boost unsupervised domain adaptation by co-optimization of backbone network and parameter selection for edge device. Pre-trained ImageNet models are crucial when dealing with small dataset such as Office datasets. By using unsupervised domain adaptation algorithm that does not update feature extractor, large and powerful pre-trained ImageNet models can be used to boost the accuracy. We report state-of-the-art accuracy result with the method. Moreover, we conduct an experiment to use small and lightweight pre-trained ImageNet models for edge device. Co-optimization is performed to reduce the total latency by using predictor-guided evolutionary search. We also consider pre-extraction of source feature. We conduct more realistic scenario for edge device such as smaller target domain data and object detection. Lastly, We conduct an experiment to utilize intermediate domain data to reduce the algorithm latency further.
We achieve 5.99x and 9.06x latency reduction on Office31 and Office-Home dataset, respectively.
The second method is to augment few-shot learning with supervised contrastive learning. We cannot use pre-trained ImageNet model in the few-shot learning benchmark scenario as they provide base dataset to train the feature extractor from scratch. Instead, we augment the feature extractor with supervised contrastive learning method. Combining supervised contrastive learning with information maximization and prototype estimation technique, we report state-of-the-art accuracy result with the method. Then, we translate the accuracy gain to total runtime reduction by changing the feature extractor and early stopping. We achieve 3.87x latency reduction for transductive 5-way 5-shot learning scenarios.
Our approach can be summarized as boosting the accuracy followed by latency reduction. We first upgrade the feature extractor by using more advanced pre-trained ImageNet model or by supervised contrastive learning to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy. Then, we optimize the method end-to-end with evolutionary search or early stopping to reduce the latency. Our two stage approach which consists of accuracy boosting and latency reduction is sufficient to achieve fast adaptation of deep learning vision applications with limited data for edge device.1. Introduction 1
2. Background 7
2.1 Dataset Size for Vision Applications 7
2.2 ImageNet Pre-trained Models 9
2.3 Augmentation Methods for ImageNet 12
2.4 Contrastive Learning 14
3. Problem Definitions and Solutions Overview 17
3.1 Problem Definitions 17
3.1.1 Unsupervised Domain Adaptation 17
3.1.2 Few-shot learning 18
3.2 Solutions overview 19
3.2.1 Co-optimization of Backbone Network and Parameter Selection in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Edge Device 20
3.2.2 Augmenting Few-Shot Learning with Supervised Contrastive Learning 21
4. Co-optimization of Backbone Network and Parameter Selection in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Edge Device 22
4.1 Introduction 23
4.2 Related Works 28
4.3 Methodology 33
4.3.1 Examining an Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method 33
4.3.2 Boosting Accuracy with Pre-Trained ImageNet Models 36
4.3.3 Boosting Accuracy for Edge Device 38
4.3.4 Co-optimization of Backbone Network and Parameter Selection 39
4.4 Experiments 41
4.4.1 ImageNet and Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Accuracy 43
4.4.2 Accuracy with Once-For-All Network 52
4.4.3 Comparison with State-of-the-Art Results 58
4.4.4 Co-optimization for Edge Device 59
4.4.5 Pre-extraction of Source Feature 72
4.4.6 Results for Small Target Data Scenario 77
4.4.7 Results for Object Detection 78
4.4.8 Results for Classifier Fitting Using Intermediate Domain 80
4.4.9 Summary 81
4.5 Conclusion 84
5. Augmenting Few-Shot Learning with Supervised Contrastive Learning 85
5.1 Introduction 86
5.2 Related Works 89
5.3 Methodology 92
5.3.1 Examining A Few-shot Learning Method 92
5.3.2 Augmenting Few-shot Learning with Supervised Contrastive Learning 94
5.4 Experiments 97
5.4.1 Comparison to the State-of-the-Art 99
5.4.2 Ablation Study 102
5.4.3 Domain-Shift 105
5.4.4 Increasing the Number of Ways 106
5.4.5 Runtime Analysis 107
5.4.6 Limitations 109
5.5 Conclusion 110
6. Conclusion 111ë°
Efficiency enhancement of organic solar cells embedding three-dimensional nanoparticle structures fabricated by ion-assisted aerosol lithography
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Œë¬ž (ìì¬)-- ììžëíêµ ëíì : êž°ê³í공공íë¶, 2014. 8. ìµë§ì.볞 ì°êµ¬ë ion-assisted aerosol lithography륌 íµíŽ 구íí 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì ì©ììŒ ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì±ë¥ í¥ìì ë몚íê³ ì íë€. 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì polymer êž°ë° ì êž° íì ì ì§ì íë©Ž ì ê·¹ ìëì ëìžë€. ì¬ì©íë polymerì ì¢
ë¥ë P3HT ì DT-PDPP2T-TTìŽë€. 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì íë©Ž ì ê·¹ ìëì ëìì ë°ëŒ íë©Ž ì 극곌 active layer ì¬ìŽì ê³ë©Ž ë©Žì ì ìŠê°ììŒ ì í ìì§ íšìšì ìŠê°ìí€ë©° series resistance륌 ê°ììíšë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì
ì¬í ë¹ìŽ 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì ìíŽ ëë°ì¬ëìŽ ë¹ì optical path lengths륌 ìŠê°ìí€ë©°, 결곌ì ìŒë¡ active layer ìììì ì í ë°ìë¥ ì ìŠê°ìíšë€. 결곌ì ìŒë¡ 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì ì ì©í ì êž° íì ì ì§ë êž°ì¡Ž reference ì êž° íì ì ì§ ëë¹ êŽì ë¥ ë°ììŽ ìŠê°íìŒë©°, ìŽë 3ì°šì ëë
ž ì
ì 구조묌ì ì ì©í ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì±ë¥ ê°ì ì ê°ì žìë€. ì¶ê°ì ìŒë¡ 3ì°šì ëë
ž 구조묌ì í¬êž° ì°šìŽì ë°ë¥ž ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì±ë¥ ë³íë íìžíìë€.Abstract i
Contents i i i
List of Tables v
List of Figures v i
Nomenclature x i
Chapter 1 ìë¡ 1
Chapter 2 ì êž° íì ì ì§ì í¹ì± 4
2.1 ì êž° íì ì ì§ êµ¬ë ì늬 5
2.2 ì êž° íì ì ì§ì íê³ ë° ì°êµ¬ ë°©í¥ 7
Chapter 3 3D NPSsê° ì ì©ë ì êž° íì ì ì§ì êµ¬ì± ë° ì ì 8
3.1 3D NPSsì ì ì ë° í¹ì± 9
3.1.1 3D NPSsì ì ì 9
3.1.2 3D NPSsì í¹ì± 12
3.2 ì êž° íì ì ì§ì êµ¬ì± ë° ì ì 15
Chapter 4 3D NPSs ì êž° íì ì ì§ì 결곌 19
4.1 P3HT:PCBMì ì ì©í 3D NPSs ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì€í 결곌 ë° ë¶ì 20
4.2 DT-PDPP2T-TT êž°ë° 3D NPSs ì êž° íì ì ì§ì ì€í 결곌 ë° ë¶ì 24
4.3 DT-PDPP2T-TT êž°ë° 3D NPSs OPVì Solvent ë첎ì ë°ë¥ž ì êž° íì ì ì§ ì±ë¥ í¥ì 32
Chapter 5 ê²°ë¡ 35
References 38
Abstract (English) 39
Acknowledgement 41Maste
íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì ìµì í ë° ìì í ì°êµ¬
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Œë¬ž (ë°ì¬)-- ììžëíêµ ëíì : 공곌ëí êž°ê³í공공íë¶(ë©í°ì€ìŒìŒ êž°ê³ì€ê³ì ê³µ), 2019. 2. ìµë§ì.볞 ë
Œë¬žì êžì ë°ë§ì ììŽí íëš í¹ì±ì ìŽì©í ë€ì€ êžì ë°ë§ 구조ì íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì ê³ ë¶ìì ìŽ ë³í ì±ì§ êž°ë° ëŽì§ êž°ì ìŽ ì 목ë ëŽêµ¬ì±ìŽ ì°ìí ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒì륌 ì ìíìë€.
뚌ì , ê°íŽì§ë ìžì¥ì ëí ììŽí êžì ë°ë§ì íëš íì± í¹ì±ì ìŽì©íì¬ ìë¡ê³ , ì ììŽ ì©ìŽí íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì ëíŽ ìê°íìë€. íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì íëš íì±ì ìíŽ ì·šì±ìŽ ìë êžì ë°ë§ê³Œ ì ëì±ìŽ ì°ìí êžì ë°ë§ì ê²°í©íì¬ ì ëì± ë°ë§ì íëšìŽ ìžê°íìë€. íëšìŽ ìžê°ë ì ëì± ë°ë§ì ì°ì ì ëíŽ ëì ì íë³í륌 ê°ëë€. ëí ì ì°©ë ¥ìŽ ìë ì¥ì¬ìŽë ë°ë§ì íëš íì± êžì ë°ë§ê³Œ ì§ì§ë ì¬ìŽì ìŠì°©íì¬, ë°ë³µ íì€ì ìì ì±ì ê°ë ìŒì륌 구ííìë€.
ë€ììŒë¡, ì·šì± ìë í¬ëª
ì ëì± ë°ë§ì ìžê°ë íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì ì°êµ¬ë¥Œ ì ìíìë€. ê°ìêŽì ìììì ëì í¬ê³Œë, ì°ìí ì ëë, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ìì ì°ì ì íëšì íì± íë ìžë 죌ì ì°í묌ì í¬ëª
í íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìë¡ ì í©íë€. ë°ëŒì, ìžë 죌ì ì°í묌ì í¬ëª
íê³ ì°ì ìŽ ê°ë¥í ê³ ë¶ì ì§ì§ëì ìŠì°© í í ì°ì ì ê°íŽ íëšì ìžë 죌ì ì°í묌ì ìžê°íë ëšìí ì ì ê³µë²ì íµíŽ í¬ëª
í íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒì륌 구ííìë€. ì ìí ê°ì§ ìŒìë ë¯žìž ì°ì ì ëí ëì 믌ê°ë, ê°ì êŽì ì ëí ëì í¬ê³Œë, ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ë°ë³µ ì°ì ì ëí ìì ë í¹ì±ì ê°ëë€. ì¶ê°ë¡, ì°ì ì ëí íëš ë³í í¹ì±ì íì©íì¬ ìë ¥ì ìž¡ì íë í¬ëª
ë¯žìž ìë ¥ ê°ì§ ìŒì륌 ê°ë°íìë€. ê°ë°ë í¬ëª
ìë ¥ ìŒì ëí ìë ¥ì ëì 믌ê°ë, ëì ìë ¥ ê³ìž¡ ë²ì, ê°ìêŽì ì ëí ëì í¬ê³Œë륌 ê°ëë€.
ë€ììŒë¡, ê³ ë¶ìì ìŽ ë³í í¹ì±ì íµí íëš êž°ë° ë¯žìž ë³í ê°ì§ ìŒìì ìì í ë°©ìì ì ìíìë€. êž°ì¡Žì íëš êž°ë° ìŒìì 겜ì°, íë©Ž êžì ë°ë§ìŽ ì§ì ìžë¶ë¡ ë
žì¶ëìŽ ììŽ ìžë¶ì ê·¹í í겜ì ì·šìœíë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ììë ëŽ ííì±ê³Œ í¬ìµëê° ë®ì ê³ ë¶ì륌 ìŽì©íì¬ íëšìŽ íì±ë êžì ë°ë§ì ìžë¶ë¡ë¶í° 볎ížíì¬ ìŒìì ëŽêµ¬ì±ì ìŠë륌 ë몚íìë€.In this thesis, we present multilayered structural crack-based sensory systems with different fracture characteristics of metal thin films and high durable crack-based sensory systems that use the heat deformation properties of the polymer.
First, we propose a new type of the crack-based sensory systems by using the different crack-forming characteristics of metal thin films against an applied tensile force. The cracks are induced on the ductile conductive thin films by attaching the brittle metal thin films. The crack-induced conductive thin film shows dramatic resistance change with the applied strain. In addition, the adhesive oxide thin film is deposited between the brittle metal thin films and the substrates to stabilize the crack-based sensory system in cyclic loading and unloading.
Next, we present the transparent crack-based sensory systems with brittle transparent conductive oxide films. An Indium-Tin Oxide layer with the high transparency at visible light wavelengths, high conductivity, and appropriate brittleness to form the cracks with small applied strain is suitable material for the transparent crack-based sensory systems. Therefore, we fabricate the transparent crack-based sensory systems by simply depositing the Indium-Tin Oxide layer on the polymer substrates with a sputter. After the deposition, the polymer substrates are stretched to form cracks on the Indium-Tin Oxide films. The proposed transparent sensory systems have high sensitivity to stretching, high transmittance to visible light, and stability against repeated stretching. In addition, we have developed the transparent crack-based sensory systems as pressure sensors. The proposed transparent pressure sensors have high transmittance to visible light, wide range of pressure measuring, and high sensitivity to pressure.
Finally, we propose the stabilized crack sensory systems through polymeric encapsulation methods. In case of the conventional crack sensory systems, the surface of the metal thin films is directly exposed to the outside, which is vulnerable to harsh, external environments. Thus, in this study, the degree of durability and stability of the crack sensory systems against moisture, chemical reactions, and scratches is improved by encapsulating the systems with strong chemical resistance polymers.Abstract ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
i
List of Figures ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
v
Chapter 1. Introduction
1-1. Introductionâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ 1
1-2. Referencesâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ 6
Chapter 2. Brittle thin layer induced diverse conductive materials layered crack-based sensory systems
2-1. Crack-based strain sensory system with diverse metal films by inserting brittle thin metal layer ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
10
2-1-1. Introduction ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
10
2-1-2. Experimental ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
12
2-1-3. Results and Discussion ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
13
2-1-3-1. Composition of metal layered crack sensorsâââââââââââââââââââââ
13
2-1-3-2. Measurements of the performance of the metal layered
Crack sensorsâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
21
2-1-3-3. Detecting the hands motion by using metal layered crack sensorsâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
33
2-1-4. Summary ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
36
2-1-5. Referencesâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
37
2-2. Crack-induced brittle transparent conductive materials sensory systemsâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
40
2-2-1. Introduction ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
40
2-2-2. Experimental ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
42
2-2-3. Results and Discussion ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
43
2-2-3-1. Mechanism of the transparent ITO crack sensory
systemsâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
43
2-2-3-2. The pressure sensing with bended crack based sensors
55
2-2-3-3. Hand motions sensing with bended crack based sensors
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2-2-4. Summary ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
63
2-2-5. Referencesâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
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Chapter 3. Stabilized crack-based sensory systems with encapsulation
3-1. Crack sensors encapsulation.ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
67
3-1-1. Introduction ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
67
3-1-2. Experimental ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
69
3-1-3. Results and Discussion ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
73
3-1-3-1. Polyimide encapsulationâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
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3-1-3-2. FEP encapsulationâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
88
3-1-4. Summary ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
98
3-1-5. Referencesâââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
99
Acknowledgement
103
êµë¬žìŽë¡ ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ 104Docto
(The)Effects of components of interactivity on purchase intentions in mobile environments : focused on the direct effects of ubiquitous connectivity and contextual offer
íìë
Œë¬ž(ë°ì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :겜ìí곌 겜ìíì ê³µ,2003.Docto
Association of Complex Fractionated Electrograms with Atrial Myocardial Thickness and Fibrosis
íìë
Œë¬ž (ìì¬) -- ììžëíêµ ëíì : ì곌ëí ìí곌, 2020. 8. ì€ìžìŒ.ì¬ë°©ìžëìì ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ëì ê³ ì£Œí ì ì ì ì ì¬ë°©ì êž°ì§ ìì ì ëí ì ëµ ì€ íëìŽì§ë§, ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë륌 볎ìŽë ë¶ìê° ê°ë ì êž°ì늬íì í¹ì±ì ëíŽìë ì ìë €ì ž ìì§ ìë€. ì°ëŠ¬ë ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ìŽì ììíë ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì 구조ì í¹ì§ì ëíŽ ì¬ë°©ìžëì ì€í견 몚ëžìì ì¡°ì§ë³ëŠ¬íì ê²ì¬ë¥Œ íµíŽ ë¶ìíìë€. ë€ ë§ëŠ¬ì ì€í견ì ì¬ìžë§ ë¶ììì ì¬ë°©ì ì êž°ë륌 íëíìë€. 30ë¶ê° ë¶ë¹ 600íì ìëë¡ ì¬ë°© íìŽì±ì íµíŽ ì¬ë°©ìžëì ì ë°íìë€. ì¬ìžë§ ì¬ë°© ì êž°ëì ì€ìê° êŽì°°ì íµíŽ ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì륌 í¹ì íìê³ , íŽë¹ ìì¹ë¡ë¶í° 5 mm ìŽëŽì ìžì í ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì륌 ì ííìë€. ììž¡ ì¬ë°©ì ë€ìí ìì¹ìì ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ì¡°ì§ì ìííìê³ , ì¡°ì§ë³ëŠ¬íì ì°šìŽì ëíŽ ë¶ìíìë€. ìŽ 24ê°ì ì¬ë°© ì¡°ì§ (ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì 12ê°, ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì 12ê°)ì ë¶ìíìë€. ì¬ë°© ì¬ê·Œ ì¡°ì§ì ëê»ë ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ììì (1757.5 ± 560.5 ÎŒm) ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì (1279.55 ± 337.2 ÎŒm)ì ë¹íŽ ì ìíê² ë꺌ì ë€ (p = 0.036). ëí ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ì¬ë°© ì¬ê·Œ ì¡°ì§ì ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ë¹íŽ ì¬ì í ì¡°ì§ì ììŽ ì ìíê² ë§ìë€ (ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì, 22.8 ± 6.9%; ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì, 7.2 ± 4.7%; p < 0.001). ìŽ ê²°ê³Œë ë€ìí ì¬ë°© ì¡°ì§ì ìì¹ì 묎êŽíê² ìŒêŽì ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìë€. ììš ì 겜ê³ì ë¶í¬ë ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ìì ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ë¶ì ì¬ìŽì ì믞ìë ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìŽì§ ììë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì 결곌ë ì¬ë°©ìžë 몚ëžìì ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ìììŽ ë¹-ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ìì곌 ë¹êµíìì ë ë³Žë€ ëêºŒìŽ ì¬ë°© ì¬ê·Œê³Œ ë³Žë€ ë§ì ìì ì¬ì íë ì¡°ì§ìŒë¡ ëíëë ì¡°ì§ë³ëŠ¬íì í¹ì±ì ê°ì§ë€ë ì¬ì€ì ë°íë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì 결곌ë ë³µì¡ íìí ì êž°ë ììì ë°ì곌 ì¬ë°©ìžëì 믞ì¹ë ë³íì늬íì êž°ì ì ì€ëª
íë ë° ììŽ ì€ìí ëšì륌 ì ê³µíë€.Although ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of strategies for atrial substrate modification, mechanism behind CFAE as an electrophysiological substrate remains unclear. We investigated structural differences between CFAE sites and their matched non-CFAE sites by comparing their histopathologic characteristics in canine AF models. Atrial electrograms of four dogs were obtained from the epicardial site. AF was induced through burst atrial pacing at 600 bpm for 30 minutes. CFAE sites were identified during AF according to patterns on the electrograms, and their matched non-CFAE sites were selected at the adjacent region within 5 mm from each CFAE site. Tissues were harvested at CFAE sites and their matched non-CFAE sites at various locations in both atria. Histopathologic differences were identified between CFAE and non-CFAE sites. A total of 24 atrial tissues (12 with CFAE, 12 with non-CFAE) were evaluated. The atrial myocardium was significantly thicker at CFAE sites (1757.5±560.5 ÎŒm) than at non-CFAE sites (1279.5±337.2 ÎŒm) (p=0.036). The atrial myocardium at CFAE sites was filled with significantly larger amounts of fibrotic tissues than at non-CFAE sites (22.8±6.9% versus 7.2±4.7%, p<0.001). Results were consistent across various tissue locations. The distribution of autonomic nerve innervation was similar between CFAE and non-CFAE sites. This study could provide a better understanding of histological characteristics of CFAE sites that showed a thicker wall and greater amount of fibrosis. These findings may be associated with the development of CFAE and its pathophysiological contribution to AF.1. ìë¡ 1
2. ì°êµ¬ ë°©ë² 2
3. 결곌 5
4. ê³ ì°° ë° ê²°ë¡ 15
5. ì°žê³ ë¬ží 22Maste
FPGA-based Prototyping Systems for Emerging Memory Technologies
MasterAs DRAM faces its scaling limit, several new memory technologies are considered as candidates for replacing or complementing DRAM main memory. Compared to DRAM, the new memories have two major differences, non-volatility and write overhead in terms of endurance, latency and power. We built two different FPGA-based evaluation boards to evaluate hardware and software designs for new-memory-based main memory: one was a DRAM subsystem with parameterizable latency and non-volatile emulation, and the other used actual new memory chips namely phase-change RAM (PRAM). We experimented with primitive functions and SQLite-based benchmarks on Linux, verifying the workings of new functionalities, e.g., non-volatility and evaluating the impacts of new memory on software performance. In our experiments, a simple design with DRAM/PRAM hybrid memory offers persistency with a performance overhead level 1.8x longer execution time on average, compared with DRAM-only main memory
A Dual-Retention Time Architecture towards Secure and High Performance STT-RAM Main Memory Subsystem
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