Influence of ecological restoration on soil biological fertility in desertified grassland

生物学肥力是土壤肥力的重要构成部分,能够指示生态恢复措施下沙化草地的土壤质量变化。以围栏禁牧草本模式(enclosure plus grass,EG)、围栏禁牧灌草间作模式(enclosure intercropping shrub-grass,ESG)和围栏禁牧沙障+灌草间作模式(enclosure plus sand-barrier and shrub-grass,ESSG)3种恢复地为研究对象,以未恢复的沙化草地(desertification grassland without restoration,CK)为对照,采用调查采样法、综合评价法研究生态恢复措施及年限对沙化草地土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响。结果表明,3种恢复模式提高了沙化草地土壤中各项生物学肥力指标,ESSG模式下土壤质量的恢复效果最优,生物学肥力指数(biological fertility index,BFI)分别显著高出EG和ESG模式41.5%和43.1%(P<0.05)。EG和ESG模式下,土壤各项生物学肥力指标随恢复年限的增加而增加,≤5、7~9和≥15 a恢复地的BFI值均显著高于未恢复地(0年)(P<0.05),且≥15 a的恢复地又显著高于≤5和7~9 a恢复地(P<0.05)。因此,在本研究的时间范围内,时间越长生态措施下土壤质量的恢复效果越好,但其最佳恢复期有待进一步研究确定

Histopathological findings and clinical effects for acute rejections

国際Banff基準と治療効果には相関を認めた.G2以上の症例には, OKT3及びALGがMPに比べ, 有効率に有意差を認めた.DSGは症例数が少なく, 今後の検討が必要であるWe reviewed 115 cases of acute rejection following renal transplantation. All cases were diagnosed after graft biopsy, and showed histopathological evidence of acute rejection. They were treated with administration of OKT3, 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) or methylprednisolone (MP). All rejections were histopathologically classified according to the Banff working classification. The clinical effects of each drug were evaluated both at 1 month and 1 year following the therapy for rejection, by measurement of serum creatinine level. The effective rate both at 1 month and 1 year was related with the Banff working classification ( p < 0.0001). At 1 month after treatment, there were no significant differences between the OKT3, DSG or ALG group and MP group in cases of borderline change and AR grade I. In cases of grade II and grade III, a significant difference was observed between the OKT3 or ALG group and MP group (p < 0.05). The DSG group showed a slightly better outcome than the MP group, although the difference was not significant. In conclusion, the Banff schema is shown to be valid for classification of acute renal allograft rejection, and it is necessary to determine the treatment for acute rejection according to histopathological classification

シンポジウム グローバリゼーションと現代歴史学 シンポジウムへの経過

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