春、秋季台湾海峡海-气CO2通量及其影响因素

于2014年的5月（春季）和9月（秋季）在台湾海峡及其邻近南海和东海海域,采用水气平衡法进行了2个航次的海表和大气pCO2连续走航观测,同时获取了海表温度、海表盐度、风速及气压等数据,并采用海-气CO2分压差减法估算了海-气CO2通量.结果显示,春、秋2个航次平均海表pCO2分别为387±16μatm和408±18μatm.温度是影响台湾海峡及其邻近海域海表pCO2的主控因子,水团混合和其他因素等也对海表pCO2有一定影响.2014年春、秋季节,对研究区域的海-气CO2释放通量的估算结果分别为0.11±1.60 mmol/（m2·d）和2.51±1.10 mmol/（m2·d）.台湾海峡海表pCO2既存在显著的季节变化,又存在较大的空间差异.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(海三科2011015);;厦门南方海洋研究中心资助项目(14GHS016NF16,14PST63NF27

Analysis of the nutrient distribution features and affecting factors in the Jiulongjiang estuary

根据2009、2010年“丰水期“和“枯水期“四航次九龙江河口混合区的调查资料,且结合历史资料对营养盐含量及分布特征、周日变化特征进行了统计和相关分析,研究了九龙江流域营养盐输入海洋的变化过程,探讨九龙江河口营养盐伴随潮汐变化,以及河口混合过程中的生物地球化学行为。调查期间溶解无机氮、硅和磷含量的平面分布呈现出由径流冲淡水高值向河口外海端递减的变化趋势;在涨潮时,河口区感潮段高溶解无机氮、硅、磷营养盐的陆源冲淡水与低溶解无机氮、硅、磷营养盐外海水相遇,随着外海水的侵入,外海水的作用逐渐加强,在稀释混合过程中呈现出无机营养盐逐步降低的变化趋势,退潮时则相反;营养盐在这复杂的河口过程中往往表现出在水动力的作用下稀释混合是主要过程,无机氮和活性硅酸盐在河口稀释混合过程中呈现保守性特征,活性磷酸盐在河口转移(补充)过程的行为复杂化,呈现缓冲作用为主。Based on the historical data and the data from four surveys in the wet season and dry season of 2009 and 2010 in the Jiulongjiang estuary,the concentration and distribution of nutrient were discussed in the mixing process.Furthermore,the daily variation of nutrient concentration with the tide was also discussed.The results showed that:(1) the concentration of total dissolved inorganic nitrogen,silicate and phosphate all decreased gradually from the river runoff to seawater;(2) in high tide,in the mixing process of the runoff with high nutrient concentration and the seawater with low concentration of nutrient,the concentration of nutrient decreased due to seawater.On the contrary,during the ebb,the concentration of nutrient increased due to the runoff;(3) in the mixing process in Jiulongjiang estuary,nitrogen and silicate were both conservatively diluted,but phosphate was buffered because of the complicated transfer and complement of phosphate.国家海洋局公益性项目(200805064);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费项目(海三科2009021);海三科200900

Nitric oxide effect on the growth of Skeletonema costatum at different water temperature and pH

选用厦门海域中常见的赤潮藻中肋骨条藻,进行不同水温、PH条件下一氧化氮(nO)对该藻生长影响的实验,初步研究了水温、PH和一氧化氮含量与中肋骨条藻生长之间的关系.结果表明:水温为25--30℃和PH为8.20--8.30时,一氧化氮对中肋骨条藻生长的促进作用最为明显.因此,一氧化氮的这种促进作用将可能增加赤潮发生的机率,增加对该因子的监测将可能提高对赤潮预警预测的准确性.The effect of nitric oxide(NO) on Skeletonema costatum growth were studied at different water temperature and pH.When water temperature was at 25--30℃ and pH at 8.20--8.30,the cultivation experiment showed the growth of Skeletonema costatum was mostly promoted when nitric oxide was added.Since the factors used in the experiment are similar with those in the sea when red tides occurres,it suggestes that NO increases the chance of red tide occurrences.The additional monitoring of NO concentration should improve the accuracy prediction of the red tide occurrence.福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2006J0259

化工污染河流沿岸植物对砷、汞的累积作用比较

采集葫芦岛市五里河沿岸9种常见植物,测定植物及植物根土中的汞砷质量分数,研究了汞、砷在植物体内的分布特征,利用迁移系数、富集系数探讨了植物对砷、汞的吸收与富集作用以及可能的耐受机制。结果表明,植物对砷、汞的吸收与富集,因植物种类、部位、金属的类型以及距离污染源的远近而不同。植物根部砷、汞平均质量分数分别为2.434mg·kg-1和0.583mg·kg-1;植物叶部砷、汞平均质量分数分别为1.888mg·kg-1,0.150mg·kg-1。叶汞质量分数从高到低的顺序为:水蓼,芦苇,鬼针草,曼陀罗,三棱草,苍耳,稗草,滨藜,辽东蒿;根汞质量分数从高到低依次为:三棱草,曼陀罗,滨藜,稗草,辽东蒿,芦苇,鬼针草,苍耳,水蓼;叶砷质量分数从高到低的顺序为:水蓼,滨藜,鬼针草,苍耳,芦苇,三棱草,曼陀罗,稗草,辽东蒿。芦苇(Phragmites australis)、曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patr.)、鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata)、滨藜(Atriplex patens)对砷的吸收、富集效果较好;水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)对汞的转移能力较强。芦苇、鬼针草、水蓼等植物向地上部转移As、Hg的能力较强,可选做植物提取方式的污染土壤修复

Based on Optical Properties of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in the Monitoring of Coastal Eutrophication

富营养化是河口港湾一个重要的生态环境问题。传统的富营养化监测与评价需要依靠费时费力的人工采样、实验室分析测定,周期较长,难以实现现场实时快速监测; 与评价。本文依据2009年2月、5月、8月和10~11月在厦门湾海域的有色溶解有机物(CDOM)与主要环境要素的调查资料,探讨了利用CDOM的光; 学性质反演COD,TN,TP等富营养化参数的可行性。结果表明:(1)厦门湾表层水体CDOM存在明显的空间和季节性变化,九龙江河口区的丰度最高;(; 2)陆源输入及浮游植物的现场生产是水体中CDOM的主要来源,因此可建立利用盐度和叶绿素a浓度估算厦门湾CDOM丰度的经验算法,该经验算法的相关系; 数达0.96,经验算法估算值与实测CDOM之间的相对误差为11.1%0.71%,精度较高;(3)厦门湾各个季节COD,TN,TP与CDOM吸收系; 数、荧光组分之间有很好的相关性,总体表现春夏较高、秋季次之、冬季最差;(4)结合上述研究成果,利用厦门湾已建立的水质自动监测系统实时获取的盐度、; 叶绿素a以及经验公式推导出的CDOM荧光资料,有望克服COD,TN和TP等富营养化指标只能通过人工采样和实验室分析获取的缺点;实现对海域富营养化; 程度的快速监测与评价。Eutrophication is an important ecological environment problem in estuary and coastal area. The traditional monitoring technology for eutrophication is laborious and time-consuming, so it is difficult to realize the real-time and on-site monitoring and then rapid evaluate the eutrophication degree. Based on the investigation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) and other environmental parameters in Xiamen Bay in February, May, August and from October to November 2009, the feasibility of using CDOM optical properties to retrieve eutrophication parameters (COD, TN and TP) in coastal environment was evaluated. CDOM showed large spatial and seasonal changes in Xiamen Bay, with the highest CDOM abundance occurring in the Jiulong River Estuary. The terrestrial input and phytoplankton production were the main sources of CDOM in Xiamen Bay. The empirical formula to estimate the CDOM abundance in seawater was then established by using the salinity and chlorophyll-a data. The correlation coefficient of this empirical formula was 0.96 and the relative errors between fitted values and measured values for CDOM of different survey stations were (11. 1% 0.71%. There were high correlations between CDOM absorption coefficient and fluorescence components with chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus (TP) in all seasons, with the highest correlations in spring and summer, and the lowest in winter. Combined with the above results, instead of the data including COD, TN and TP got only through manual samplings and laboratory analysis, the data of salinity and chlorophyll a could be provided by water quality automatic monitoring system and CDOM data got by above empirical formula, so it is possible to realize the rapid monitoring and evaluation for the degree of coastal eutrophication by using in situ buoy system with CDOM sensor.国家自然科学基金项目（41276064,U1305231）; 国家海洋局西太平洋海洋环境监测预警体系建设专项项目（SOA201303）资

学前儿童与成人的视觉-动作控制及运动行距估计的研究

一、前言运动知觉是对物体在空间位移和对速度变化的一种知觉。一些研究者曾对运动知觉的阈限进行过测定。在实际生活中,人们并不单纯地觉察一个物体是在运动还是静止,而是对一个运动着物体作出及时的动作反应(视觉—动作控制)。这种视觉—动作反应不同于一般简单的反应时的测定,它要求被试者对一个预定的目标作出反应时,需要掌握动作提前量的控制,否则就会出现超前反应或错后反应。同时,一个运动着的物体有时由于各种原因而在隐蔽中进行,此时就要求人们估计它的行进距离。R.M.Gottsdanker 曾对客体的三种不同运动速度(定速、加速、减速)的知觉判断进行过实验,发现被试者对加速与减速的运动速度的判断都不准确,对加速运动常产生低估,而对减速运动产生高估。R.E.Morin等采用连续灯光闪亮代表一个客体的运动,要求被试者对运动行程进行预测,结果表明,多数的误差是反应低估(即提前反应)。曹日昌等曾探讨过影响运动行距预测的一些有关因素,如运动域结构、预测方法、经验及诱因等。结果表明,让被试获知结果及以手伴随刺激光点的运动对于运动行程预测的准确性有着积极作用。近一、二十年来一些研究者曾对

Distribution and sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal sediment of Fujian and eastern Guangdong

2007年11~12月采集福建和粤东近岸海域的沉积物样品,对沉积物中的PAHS含量、组成进行研究,分析了研究海域沉积环境中PAHS的分布特征、来源,并利用lOng等人建立的评价模式对PAHS的生态风险进行了评价.研究结果为深入研究海域沉积环境中PAHS的地球化学行为提供了科学依据.结果表明:研究海域PAHS的含量范围为52.93~398.50 ng/g,平均值为170.30 ng/g,研究发现闽江径流是影响海区沉积物中PAHS含量分布的重要因素之一.通过不同环数PAHS的相对丰度和异构体比值分析,对研究海区沉积物中PAHS进行了溯源分析,发现厦门以北海域沉积物中的PAHS主要来自化石燃料燃烧,而厦门以南海域则主要来源于石油污染.生态风险评价结果显示,研究海域PAHS对生物体极少产生负面生态效应,潜在生态风险很小.Concentration of PAHs were determined for sediment samples collected from the coastal line of Fujian Province and eastern Guangdong Province.The spatial distribution and sources of PAHs were studied.Based on Long et al.'s model,Ecological risk of PAHs was assessed also in this study.This study is helpful for further understand geochemical behavior of PAHs in coastal sediment environment.The results revealed that the concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 52.93 ~ 398.50 ng /g,with mean of 170.30 ng /g.The spatial distribution indicated that the PAHs in the sediment was mainly from terrigenous input,and Minjiang runoff was an important impact factor on the distribution of PAHs in the sediments.By analysis of the relative abundance of rings and isomer ratio of PAHs,it was found that PAHs in the coastal sediments north to Xiamen Bay were mainly from combustion,whereas other sediments received oil contamination.Ecological risk assessment indicated that in coastal sediment environment PAHs had few negative ecological effect to the living organisms with minimum ecological risk.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(海三科2009023