The Impact of Social and Tax Policies on Families with Children: Comparative Study of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia

The paper compares the impact of government measures focused on families with children in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The ageing of population and the decline in fertility rates will in future importantly influence economic as well as social environment in the European countries. One of the responses on declining fertility rates is the promotion of demographic renewal in Europe through various kinds of policy measures ranging from better availability of quality provisions for combining child care and work, child care facilities and family support. We focus on the overall financial impact of governmental policies on families with children in the four examined countries. The paper evaluates impact of government subsidies and tax systems in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia on the net income of families with children compared to the childless couples.family policy, income taxation, subsidies, fertility

The Financial Impact of Government Policies on Families with Children in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia

In the presented paper we focus on the two ways in which family policy influences life of the society. Firstly, we discuss incentives that the family policy provides to families when they are deciding about having a child. Secondly, we describe the impact of family policies on standard of living and well-being of the families with children. European countries already acknowledged the fact that increase in the fertility rates would be natural solution of the ageing of the European population and family policy is seen as one of the tools available to achieve higher fertility rates. At the same time empirical evidence suggests that the families with children are overrepresented among the population at risk of poverty and family policy can be seen as an instrument for alleviating the financial burden of the families with children. Presented study compares the impact of the government policies on the net income of families with children in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Comparative ana lysis of the birth grants, the maternity allowances, the child-rearing allowances and child allowances in the four examined countries is undertaken followed by the assessment of tax systems in these countries. Second part of the paper is devoted to the discussion of the income situation of the families with children in the four countries and tries to shed light on the impact of family benefit system on the households with dependent children. Our results indicate that family provisions in the Czech Republic and Hungary are relatively generous with the Czech system working simultaneously as a social assistance to poor families and the Hungarian system working on much less of a sliding scale of benefits. Poland provides only very modest financial support to families with children and the burden imposed by the parenthood is much heavier than in the three other countries. Czech and Slovak family support systems are similar in its structure but amounts paid to Slovak families are lower.Family policy, income taxation, subsidies, fertility, family benefits

Strategic Referring in Labor Market Social Networks

We present a model of job search in which information about job opportunities is available either through direct search at the labor market or through network of socially tied individuals. We consider two cases - altruistic and self-interested agents that maximize their utility function. We show that optimal strategies range between full and no referring cases. Altruistic individuals tend to refer more than selfinterested agents. Strategic referring allows agents alleviate employment variation and leads to higher average utility levels and lower unemployment rates.agent-based modeling; networks; strategy; job referring

Lipschitz retraction and distortion for subgroups of Out(F_n)

Given a free factor A of the rank n free group F_n, we characterize when the subgroup of Out(F_n) that stabilizes the conjugacy class of A is distorted in Out(F_n). We also prove that the image of the natural embedding of Aut(F_{n-1}) in Aut(F_n) is nondistorted, that the stabilizer in Out(F_n) of the conjugacy class of any free splitting of F_n is nondistorted, and we characterize when the stabilizer of the conjugacy class of an arbitrary free factor system of F_n is distorted. In all proofs of nondistortion, we prove the stronger statement that the subgroup in question is a Lipschitz retract. As applications we determine Dehn functions and automaticity for Out(F_n) and Aut(F_n).Comment: Version 3: 35 pages. Revised for publication. Changes from previous versions: significant economies in exposition. Added an explicit description of the stabilizer of a free splitting, in Lemma 1

Design of lathe spindl

Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na jednu z nejdůležitějších částí soustruhu – vřeteno. Je rozdělena do dvou hlavních částí. První část je zaměřena na krátkou rešerši, která obsahuje obecné informace o vřetenech. Pojednává o postupech, které je třeba pro správnou funkci vřetene při jeho konstrukci dodržet. Závěrem první části je stručné představení vybraných firem a jejich produktů. Druhá část se potom zaměřuje na vlastní výpočet navrhnutého vřetene. Do této časti je zahrnut také 3D model navrhnutého vřetene a jeho sestava.Bachelor thesis is focused on one of the most important parts of lathe – spindle. Thesis is divided into two main parts. First of them is focused on the short research, which contains general information about spindles. This part deals about steps, which are needed to be done in construction for the correct function of spindle. At the end of first part is short presentation of chosen companies and their products. The second part is focused on the proposed spindle calculations. Into this part is also involved 3D model of proposed spindle and his assembly.

Primjena hlađenja za konzerviranje živežnih namirnica

Hlađenje je jedan od starih i poznatih načina, kojim se konzerviraju živežne namirnice. Pored ovog načina možemo namirnice sačuvati od kvara tako da ih kuhamo, sušimo, dimimo itd., a pritom se njihov vanjski izgled, okus i kemijski sastav manje ili više promijeni

Design of manufacturing technology for elastomer bushings conditioning

Tato práce řeší návrh technologie výroby součásti z elastomeru. Teoretická část sestává ze zpracování rešerše na rozbor polymerních materiálů a problematiky zpravování elastomerů technologií vstřikování. V praktické části jsou řešeny výrobní podmínky, konstrukční specifika návrhu nástroje a porovnání s výchozím řešením. Dále následují technologicko-konstrukční propočty a práci uzavírá návrh technologického postupu.This thesis is dealing with designing technology of manufacturing for component made of elastomer. The theoretical part is about dividing polymer materials and the issues of elastomer processing by injection molding. In the practical part is dealt with production conditions, design specifications of the tool and comparison with initial proposal. Next part is about technological and design calculations and the thesis ends with design of technological process.