Constraining Attacker Capabilities Through Actuator Saturation

For LTI control systems, we provide mathematical tools - in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities - for computing outer ellipsoidal bounds on the reachable sets that attacks can induce in the system when they are subject to the physical limits of the actuators. Next, for a given set of dangerous states, states that (if reached) compromise the integrity or safe operation of the system, we provide tools for designing new artificial limits on the actuators (smaller than their physical bounds) such that the new ellipsoidal bounds (and thus the new reachable sets) are as large as possible (in terms of volume) while guaranteeing that the dangerous states are not reachable. This guarantees that the new bounds cut as little as possible from the original reachable set to minimize the loss of system performance. Computer simulations using a platoon of vehicles are presented to illustrate the performance of our tools

The association of child marriage with morbidities and mortality among children under 5 years in Afghanistan: findings from a national survey

Background There is still a gap in knowledge of the impact that child marriage could have on the mortality and morbidity of children in Afghanistan. This study used the data from the latest Afghanistan demographic health survey conducted in 2015 (ADHS) to address this gap and advance the current knowledge. Methods A secondary analysis of the 2015 ADHS, including the births in the past 5 years to ever-married women aged 15–24 years old, was carried out. Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association of child marriage (< 18y) with morbidities (diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, and fever in the last 2 weeks), mortality (neonatal, infant, child), and size at birth among the children under 5 born to women aged 15–24 years, before and after adjusting for the effect of sociodemographic and structural inequalities. Results Approximately two-thirds of births in the past 5 years belong to 15–24 years old mothers who married at ages < 18. The majority of them were born to mothers residing in rural areas (75.67%) with no education (51.68%) from poor households (39.39%). As compared to the births to women married at ages ≥ 18, there was a significantly higher likelihood of neonatal mortality among births to women married at ages < 18 (crude OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.52–3.49 & adjusted OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.01) and higher infant mortality among the births to the women married at ages ≤ 14y (crude OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06–3.53). However, it disappeared for neonatal mortality after adjustment for adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) and infant mortality after adjustment for sociodemographic inequalities. Conclusion Although the births to women married as a child (< 18) were more likely to die at an early age, this association disappeared after adjustment for the adequacy of ANC. Given the unavoidable practice of child marriage in Afghanistan, this finding emphasizes the importance of providing adequate ANC for young brides to prevent child mortality. In addition, strong global advocacy is required to empower and support young Afghan women in negotiating their reproductive and maternity rights with their partners by reducing social and gender-based inequalities.publishedVersio

Security of Vehicular Platooning

Platooning concept involves a group of vehicles acting as a single unit through coordination of movements. While Platooning as an evolving trend in mobility and transportation diminishes the individual and manual driving concerns, it creates new risks. New technologies and passenger’s safety and security further complicate matters and make platooning attractive target for the malicious minds. To improve the security of the vehicular platooning, threats and their potential impacts on vehicular platooning should be identified to protect the system against security risks. Furthermore, algorithms should be proposed to detect intrusions and mitigate the effects in case of attack. This dissertation introduces a new vulnerability in vehicular platooning from the control systems perspective and presents the detection and mitigation algorithms to protect vehicles and passengers in the event of the attack

Application Of Geographical Information System And Smart Growth Modelling For Identification Of Ineffective Quarters In Bandar Abbas, Iran

During recent decades, planning and management of urban land use has had an important role in development of social and economy of countries. On the other hand expansion of land use can be managed by using geospatial data and development patterns. In Bandar Abbas city, the management of urban development are by trial and error urban land policies as compared to other cities due lack to the of accurate and complete geospatial data. It has been caused by the overgrowing population and migration towards the city without planning. In addition, the inefficiency and very old buildings had also contributed and became the main reason for low quality of urban life in District 1. The aim of this research was to recognize and identify the development patterns for inefficient quarters in District 1 with an inclination towards the use of AHP and Smart Growth models. To achieve appropriate patterns for managing and identifying the utilization of land in quarters, a spatial and attribute database in the GIS environment was used. The relationship between effective factors namely land use, population, density and construction of the development were considered in the analytical process. The investigation was carried out to locate capable region for urban development in the inefficient areas of District 1 in the Region 3 of Bandar Abbas. The use of AHP and Smart Growth model in GIS environment were implemented to the collected geospatial database. The collected information includes the land use of the present condition, the procedure of urban development and the effective factors over inefficient land use. The procedure of this research started with the reconnaissance of effective parameters upon land development in the surveyed region. Having identified the effective factors, layer classification was generated according to their degree of importance and criteria through the use of AHP model. It was implemented to identify suitable site for developing urban users in District 1. Then the Smart Growth model was used to generate zones under the surveyed region according to the kind of operation in inefficient patterns and land use. In Smart Growth model on the basis of divisions of land use it has been designed into three zones of Regional Center Development (RCD), Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND), and Special District (SD). Finally by investigating the relationships and their effects towards each other, and by determining smart code for each zone, the development pattern and inefficient control in District 1 were identified.The results achieved from this research have successfully identified the suitable lands for urban uses development and identify patterns of user control and land development in inefficient quarters of District 1. According to the results obtained from AHP model central and western portion are appropriate for development. Based on the results obtained from zoning in District 1 and also the Smart Growth model, a major part of the inefficiency of available textures in the quarters of District 1 is due to existing incompatible land uses, being old and obsolete residential and non residential textures, poor management, lack of supervision regulations and comprehensive lack of administrative laws

Insider Vs. Outsider threats to autonomous vehicle platooning

Autonomous vehicles and platooning enhance productivity and present new opportunities and competitive advantages in the transportation industry. Platooning concept involves a group of vehicles acting as a single unit through coordination of movements. While Platooning as an evolving trend in mobility and transportation diminishes the individual and manual driving concerns, it creates new risks. New technologies and passengers’ safety and security further complicate matters and make platooning attractive target for the malicious minds. Threats and their potential impacts on vehicular platooning should be identified in order to protect the system against security risks. In this note, we show the range of the disruption that malicious insider and outsider can cause to the platoon. The insider attacker follows the normal control law of the platoon before it stArts the attack. This type of attack is implemented through control law modification, where the attacker maliciously misconfigures its controller. Outsider attacker is a non-platoon member who attempts to disrupt platoon. While the intruder can impact the other vehicles’ motions using its movement, it is not affected by other vehicles in the platoon. Outsider attack happens when attacker joins platoon deceitfully and tries to affect the platoon via its acceleration and deceleration. We demonstrate impacts of each attack on the platoon and discuss which type of attack poses the higher risks and results in the more catastrophic impacts

イランに住むアフガニスタン女性における適切な出産前ケアに対する障壁と関連要因に関する研究：ミクストメソッド研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(社会健康医学)甲第23119号社医博第115号新制||社医||11(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻(主査)教授 近藤 尚己, 教授 万代 昌紀, 教授 川上 浩司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Public HealthKyoto UniversityDFA

On boundary degrees of freedom in three dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime and thermofield-double

In this article, we will study the Gibbons-Hawking-York (GHY) action over a co-dimension one hypersurface, called the ``physical boundary,'' close to the boundary of AdS$_3$. For that, we take a coordinate system that consists of two times, one is associated with evolution on the boundary, and the second is associated with evolution into the bulk. The resulting action is divergent and needs regularization. We consider two particular schemes. In the first scheme, we will add the Einstein-Hilbert on-shell action as the counter-term, which, while cancels the divergent part, adds the contribution of deep in the bulk, such as an existing horizon. The resulting action includes the Liouville action, which describes the curvature of the physical boundary. In the second scheme, however, we prescribe a natural regularization for GHY action without adding any counter-term. The resulting action will include two copies of Schwarzian actions associated with the left and right-moving reparametrization modes. At finite temperature, these modes live on two disjoint circles. We will show that these are the thermofield-double's effective degrees of freedom. While the first scheme is more common in practice, the second scheme may be more convenient for Susskind-'t Hooft proposal for holography.Comment: 42 pages, 6 figure

An Assessment of the Asphalt Fatigue Equation for Bitumen Stabilised Materials

The aim of this research is to characterise the laboratory fatigue performance of a typical foamed bitumen mix used in Western Australia. It has also investigated the applicability of Austroads fatigue equation for the design of in-situ foamed bitumen stabilised materials. A new four-point bending device was utilised as a scaled up version which allows testing of much larger beams by removing the constraint that the maximum width and thickness are dominated by maximum aggregate size

Atomistic Simulations of the Fusion-Plasma Material Interface

A key issue for the successful performance of current and future fusion reactors is understanding chemical and physical processes at the Plasma Material Interface (PMI). The material surfaces may be bombarded by plasma particles in a range of impact energies (1 eV - a few keV) and kept at a range of temperatures (300 - 1000 K). The dominant processes at the PMI are reflection and retention of impacting particles and sputtering (chemical and physical). Sputtering leads to surface erosion and pollution of the plasma, both of which degrade reactor performance. Retention influences the recycling of the plasma, and in the case of tritium, raises the question of radioactive waste. PMI is a multi-scale problem, ranging from timescales of femtoseconds to years and spatial scales between Angstroms to meters. The main goal of this dissertation is to model PMI processes at the nanometer/nanosecond scale using atomistic Molecular Dynamic (MD) approaches. In particular, simulations have been done on mixed amorphous materials: hydrogenated, lithiated, and oxygenated carbon; bombarded by H isotopes using Classical Molecular Dynamics (CMD) and a Quantum-Classical Molecular Dynamics (QCMD) approach

Experimental realization of a momentum-space quantum walk

We report on a discrete-time quantum walk that uses the momentum of ultra-cold rubidium-87 atoms as the walk space and two internal atomic states as the coin degree of freedom. Each step of the walk consists of a coin toss (a microwave pulse) followed by a unitary shift operator (a resonant ratchet pulse). We carry out a comprehensive experimental study on the effects of various parameters, including the strength of the shift operation, coin parameters, noise, and initialization of the system on the behavior of the walk. The walk dynamics can be well controlled in our experiment; potential applications include atom interferometry and engineering asymmetric walks.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure