The dynamics of oppression portrayed in Harold Pinter\u27s One for the Road and Salah Abdul-Saboor\u27s Night Traveller

This thesis comparatively analyzes the dynamics of oppression portrayed in Harold Pinter\u27s One for the Road, and Salah Abdul-Saboor\u27s Night Traveller, using Augusto Boal\u27s Theatre of the Oppressed, Frantz Fanon\u27s The Wretched of the Earth, and â Theater of the Absurdâ for the critical framework. With oppressive regimes regenerating themselves, and morphing into new types of practices, the power of art remains an essential motivation for the masses to resist those regimes. This applies particularly to theater, due its vitality. Whilst one may utilize a theatrical performance to entertain, others may utilize it to either inspire resistance, or chronicle and criticize a community\u27s state. With works like One for the Road and Night Traveller that chronicle oppression through a theatrical political platform, oppressed audience members could be inspired to resort to resistance rather than to submission, and become empowered to be part of a positive change. My thesis argues that these two plays are necessarily oppressive, with an intense oppressor-oppressed dynamic, where the former exerts all available resources to silence the latter. However if both plays are performed to oppressed subjects in a â Theater of the Oppressedâ technique, they may function as an empowering tool of resistance

Effects of exposure to colored light on cerebral and systemic physiology in humans

Humans in industrialized societies have become independent of the natural day and night cycle due to the invention and use of artificial light. Colored light is an element of everyday life, which affects various human functions. The main aim of this PhD thesis is to comprehensively investigate the effects of exposure to colored light on cerebral and human physiology. To achieve this goal, 201 healthy right-handed adults were recruited for 20 different colored light conditions. By using systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) neuroimaging, each subject was measured 2-4 times on different days resulting in 676 single measurements. The SPA-fNIRS approach combines the measurement of brain activity and systemic physiological changes. fNIRS is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique employed to measure changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation. There is an interaction between these and changes in systemic physiology: consequently, the SPA-fNIRS generally enables us to identify and understand these interactions. We simultaneously assessed the effects of colored light exposure (CLE) in the visual cortex (VC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and systemic physiology. Such a comprehensive study has not been carried out yet, and an integrative view of how the color of light affects the brain and systemic physiology is lacking. In general, CLE has relatively long-lasting effects on cerebral and systemic physiology in humans, and yellow light leads to higher brain activation in the PFC than the other colored lights. Yellow CLE is associated with more active and positive emotions, including happiness, joy, hope, and cheerfulness. We also show that long-term colored light exposures induce wavelength-dependent modulations of brain responses in the VC. Violet and blue lights elicit higher changes in cerebral parameters compared to the other colored lights during the CLE and recovery phase. Our results show that CLE affects individual humans differently. In particular, blue light leads to eight different hemodynamic response patterns, while the typical hemodynamic response pattern (increase in oxygenated ([O2Hb]) and decrease in deoxygenated ([HHb]) hemoglobin) is still observed and valid at the group-level analysis. The SPA-fNIRS approach is able to show that systemic and cerebral physiology interact. Experimental findings in most parts of this research display that inter-subject variability of hemodynamic responses is partially explained by systemic physiological changes. The finding of this research that blue light has an activating effect in the VC should be taken into consideration when assessing the impact of modern light sources such as screens and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the human body. Our findings that yellow light leads to higher PFC activation be tested as a potentially beneficial tool in chromotherapy, i.e., a complementary medicine method, to balance “energy” lacking in physical, emotional, and mental levels. Although yellow light, i.e., CLE in general term, influences humans in several positive ways, it should be noted that each individual reacts differently to the CLE, implying that colored light therapy has to be also adjusted to each individual. Therefore, further research should clarify which color in CLE benefits whom. In a civilization that is rapidly exposed to new and increasing lighting, the findings of this research are relevant for the scientific community, medical professionals, and society

Egyptian Theatre and its Impact on Society: History, Deterioration, And Path For Rehabilitaition

Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, yet the lifespan of its theatre is rather short. It was not until the late 19th century that Egyptians were introduced to the disciplined form of theatre. Although the history of theatre in Egypt is short-lived, it had witnessed vigorous changes that lead to its rise and fall only within a few decades. Namely, those vigorous changes were the byproduct of the social and political movements that the Egyptian society underwent in less than a century. The Egyptian Theatre not only got affected by those political changes but also induced an integral influence on the Egyptian socio-political landscape, especially from the 50s until the mid- 70s. It was during those years that the Egyptian Theatre witnessed a golden age transitioning to a rapid phase of deterioration. Therefore, it was critically important to conduct an in-depth study towards finding means for reviving a theatre movement in Egypt. This is not only for the sake of reviving theatre as an art form but most importantly for theatre’s potential in contributing to the development of a more stable, literate and civil society, especially after two revolutions (January 25, 2011, and June 30, 2013.

The influence of childhood training on the adulthood rejection of discrimination in go set a watchman

Racial prejudice, injustice, and discrimination against people of colored skin, especially African Americans, has become a global issue since the twenty century. Blacks are deprived of their rights regardless of their human natures and are disenfranchised from White's societies due to their skin color which has put them as inferior and clownish creatures in White’s point of view. Although many anti-racist effort and speeches has done to solve racist issues and eliminate racism and its circumstances, still racism is alive and Blacks are suffering from it. Although, many White individuals accept themselves as anti-racist characters that color of skin does not matter to them, they still show prejudice and discrimination towards Blacks and cannot consider them as equal as themselves. A reason to such Whites' thought and behavior is that they have faced this issue since their childhood and therefore they cannot change it because this attitude is entangled with their personality and is deeply ingrained in them. Thus, a way to stop and eliminate discrimination, prejudice, and injustice is to train children, the next generation, as anti-racist and color-blind characters. In this regard, it has been tried to investigate the role of children training in the elimination of social and racial discrimination in Harper Lee's Go Set a Watchman (2015), which is sequel novel to her masterpiece To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). Moreover, Jean Piaget's theory of Children's Cognitive Development has been used for a better understanding of this investigation

Supporting Students' Scientific Literacy Skills Through an Experimental KIT Module Based On Al-Quran Studies

The transition from industry 4.0 to 5.0, the transformation of education into a worldwide challenge that emphasizes students' scientific literacy abilities in preparation for the future workforce. To promote scientific literacy, learning resources that support student abilities are required. In constructing an experimental physics KIT based on Al-Qur'an studies with the primary goal of enhancing students' scientific literacy, integrating students' spiritual values and scientific understanding is, thus, a central concern. The research design employed was the 4D Model (Definition, Design, Development, and Deployment), with a sample of Tadris Physics students enrolled in the fifth semester at UIN Mataram. Validity analysis, usability analysis, and effectiveness analysis are the techniques utilized for analysis. During the assessment, 83.33 percent of students demonstrated mastery of classical skills, classified as highly proficient. As a form of mastery learning, the test results indicate that developing experimental KIT modules based on Al-Qur'an studies is highly beneficial in supporting students' scientific literacy skills. In addition, the module development learning materials can promote the achievement of psychomotor, cognitive, and spiritual outcomes for student

The power of being color-blind in to kill a mockingbird

Discrimination and racial injustice towards Blacks have existed among the groups of people since the very beginning of their gatherings as a communication and society. Throughout history, people of colored skin, especially Blacks, were not accepted in the Whites' communities due to the Whites' thought of supremacy over them. Regardless of their positive role and doing manual labor in keeping the wheels of the Whites' industry turning, Blacks were always treated as nonhuman and "clownish" creatures born to serve Whites. African Americans are the main groups of Blacks who suffer from discrimination and racial injustice because they are living among Whites, though segregated from the Whites' society. However, there are many white individuals who do not consider the skin color and treat Blacks as human beings and only humanity and good nature of the people matters to them. Nelle Harper Lee in her masterpiece, To Kill a Mockingbird, written in 1960, introduces three children (Scout, Jem, and Dill) and Atticus, who is Scout and Jem’s father, as color-blind characters who fraternize with Blacks as humans without paying attention to their skin color. Therefore, using W. E. B. Du Bois' thoughts -regarding prejudice, discrimination, and racial injustice- in this article it has been tried to investigate Atticus' and three children's color blindness in the case of racism in To Kill a Mockingbird

Investigating the Informational Nature of a Modeled Visual Demonstration.

This study investigated the informational nature of a modeled visual demonstration of slalom-ski type movements performed on a ski simulator. Hypotheses exist suggesting that a model may convey information primarily about movement coordination (Newell, 1985), or movement form (Whiting, 1988), but there is no empirical evidence that this information is used by the learner so that skill acquisition is facilitated. To investigate this information question, three experiments were conducted that replicated and extended a study by Whiting, Bijlard, and den Brinker (1987) by analyzing movement kinematics of subjects in addition to movement outcome. In the first experiment, the expert model\u27s performance was analyzed. The second and third experiment investigated the acquisition of slalom-ski type movements for groups that observed the expert model on all 5 days, groups that observed the model only on day 1, and groups that learned the skill under discovery learning conditions. Results of movement outcome variables platform amplitude and frequency revealed that observing a model was advantageous over discovery learning. Analysis of movement kinematics suggested that the expert model may have conveyed information about the relative motion of torso and limbs, or movement coordination, that facilitated the acquisition of the slalom-ski type movements. Results further suggested that the coordination information the model may have conveyed was used early in learning, and that observing a model during later stages of learning was of no further benefit

Ethical Responsibility in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road

The present study was a comparative analysis of ethics and human responsibility in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing. Emmanuel Levinas’s theory of ethics was used here for a better understanding of the sense of responsibility of characters and to see how they conform to ethical relationships with others. Based on Levinasian notions of face, moral responsibility and alterity, it is argued that responsibility is the basic tenet of McCarthy’s and Lessing’s novels which arises from face-to-face encounter with an Other. However, the study proved that the father and the son as major characters in McCarthy’s novel stayed ethically good and preserved goodness in the apocalyptic world because they felt responsible towards each other as well as other strangers. On the contrary, Mary as the protagonist of Lessing The Grass is Singing was not an ethical character since she showed no concerns with responsibility and making moral relationships with other people

Nima Yushij's "Afsaneh" as a striking exemplar of the "greater romantic lyric"

Persian poetry lingered upon the old classical Persian prosody for more than a thousand year that it stagnated and stopped flowering new concepts and forms. However, Nima broke the dull and monotonous routine of Persian poetry by writing the first true modernist poem. When Nima's "Afsaneh" appeared, traditionalist adamantly opposed its new artistic and aesthetic view due to revealing some similarity with great European romantic examples. The similarity can never be considered as a weak point of "Afsaneh" because Nima has masterfully used European romantic elements to refresh the long-standing tradition of Persian poetry. In this respect, Nima has written his poetry consciously or unconsciously in the same poetic style of great European romantic poets. M. H. Abrams has labeled this poetic style "the greater romantic lyric". As a result, it is tried to examine Nima's "Afsaneh" with respect to Abrams's definition of "the greater romantic lyric" so as to prove that Nima's "Afsaneh" closely conform to this new poetic genre