Exploration textométrique de corpus de traduction

L’article présente les résultats d’une série de recherches consacrées au développement d’une nouvelle famille d’outils d’exploration textométrique intertextuelle. L’utilisation de ces outils dans le contexte multilingue est illustrée par des échantillons de ressources traductionnelles obtenues à partir du corpus parallèle français/anglais de la Convention de sauvegarde des Droits de l’Homme. Les perspectives ouvertes par cette approche offrent aux traducteurs, enseignants en langues étrangères, terminologues, lexicographes, etc., des moyens automatisés pour explorer la structure des équivalences lexicales dans les corpus de traduction.The article presents the results of a series of experiments devoted to the development of new tools for intertextual textometric exploration of translation corpora. The use of these tools in a multilingual context is illustrated by sample translation resources obtained on quantitative bases from the parallel French/English corpus of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. The suggested approach opens up new horizons for automatic exploration of lexical equivalences of translation corpora by a variety of users: translators, foreign language teachers, terminologists, lexicographers, etc

Equivalences traductionnelles. Bi-texte juridique

International audienceCONVENTION is a legal bi-text aligned up to the sentence level with a textometric tool mkAlign (§1). The bilingual French/English Types administr+/administ+ are put into correspondence following their semantic proximity in the corpus. Their distributions differ within the bi-text divided into sections. A series of textometric operations allow to detect the origins of these variations. Two substantially different phenomena are discovered: 1) Asymmetry of distributions is sometimes due to the section alignment shift; 2) In some contexts, French words starting with administered+(administration, administration, etc.) do not correspond to the English words starting with administ+(administration, administering, etc.) and vice versa (§ 2). We then suggest two working methods to process parallel text corpora: 1) Sentence alignment synchronization with a bi-text map; 2) Bi-textual exploration to reveal original translation passages with uncommon equivalents (§3)

Exploration textométrique de corpus de traduction

Actes du Colloque "50 ans de la revue META", Université de Montréal, Québec (Canada), 7-9 avril 2005International audienceThe article presents the results of a series of experiments devoted to the development of new tools for intertextual textometric exploration of translation corpora. The use of these tools in a multilingual context is illustrated by sample translation resources obtained on quantitative bases from the parallel French/English corpus of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. The suggested approach opens up new horizons for automatic exploration of lexical equivalences of translation corpora by a variety of users: translators, foreign language teachers, terminologists, lexicographers, etc.L’article présente les résultats d’une série de recherches consacrées au développement d’une nouvelle famille d’outils d’exploration textométrique intertextuelle. L’utilisation de ces outils dans le contexte multilingue est illustrée par des échantillons de ressources traductionnelles obtenues à partir du corpus parallèle français/anglais de la Convention de sauvegarde des Droits de l’Homme. Les perspectives ouvertes par cette approche offrent aux traducteurs, enseignants en langues étrangères, terminologues, lexicographes, etc., des moyens automatisés pour explorer la structure des équivalences lexicales dans les corpus de traduction

Chemical bonding effects in Sc compounds studied using X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies

Advances on understanding the nature of the chemical bonding and electron correlation effects during the X-ray absorption process in ionic–covalent metal complexes has been achieved for most of the transition elements, except for scandium, due to the lack of a systematic series of spectroscopic reference spectra and the shortage of standard crystallographic data on scandium compounds. To close the gap, the chemical bonding effects in eight Sc compounds are studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Sc K and L2,3 absorption edges and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Indeed, the fine structure of the XAS Sc K edge reflects the chemical sp3-like bond formed between scandium and the ligand while the L2,3 edge and the pre-edge features of the K-edge provide a direct insight into the crystal field parameters at the Sc site in the coordination compound. The XPS data provide the information on binding energies of the core electrons involved in the electron transitions caused by the absorption of high energy X-rays. XAS and XPS complement each other by accessing the information on Sc structure on bulk and the surface. Herein, comprehensive information on the electronic structure of well-known crystalline materials based on Sc is given with spectroscopic fingerprints X-ray data. This will help to predict the formation of chemical bonds in the unknown components via the systematic evaluation of the available spectroscopic fingerprints

PARLAMENTINĖ EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS REIKALŲ KONTROLĖ LIETUVOJE: KOALICIJOS PARTIJŲ PREFERENCIJŲ IŠSISKYRIMO VEIKSNYS

Europos integracijos procesams įsibėgėjus, Europos Sąjungos valstybės narės susidūrė su nacionalinių parlamentų galios mažėjimo ir vyriausybių autonomijos kitų nacionalinių institucijų atžvilgiu didėjimo problema. Kaip atsakas į tai labai padidėjo parlamentinės Europos Sąjungos reikalų kontrolės reikšmė ir jos efektyvumo svarba. Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, kuriuo bandoma atsakyti į klausimą, ar didesnė preferencijų įvairovė koalicijoje lemia parlamentinės Europos Sąjungos reikalų kontrolės intensyvumo padidėjimą. Tyrime lyginami 2006 m. liepos 6 d.–2008 m. lapkričio 17 d. ir 2008 m. lapkričio 18 d.–2012 m. balandžio 30 d. Lietuvos politinių partijų koalicijų preferencijų išsiskyrimo lygiai ir šiais dviem laikotarpiais vykdytos parlamentinės Europos Sąjungos reikalų kontrolės intensyvumas. Siekiant identifikuoti politinių partijų preferencijas naudojama ekspertų apklausa. Parlamentinės ES kontrolės intensyvumas analizuojamas remiantis Europos reikalų komiteto (ir Užsienio reikalų komiteto) posėdžių protokoluose bei stenogramose ir garso įrašuose pateikta informacija

Sex-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity as a Complex Reaction of Human Organism to Different Environmental Conditions

Complex anthropological investigations of modern students were carried out in the three big cities of the Russian Federation (Samara, Arkhangelsk, Saransk), as well as in the villages of Mordovia. The program of morphofunctional investigation included body characteristics, body mass components (evaluated with the bioelectrical impedance analyzer “Medass-1”), physiological characteristics of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, right hand grip strength (dynamometry). To evaluate the level of sexual dimorphism, coefficient of sexual dimorphism (CSD) was used in this study. The total number of the studied subjects was 476 young women and 375 young men, from 17 to 23 years old. The results of ANOVA analyses show the presence of non-random variations for the majority of studied characteristics in the examined groups. On this basis, it is possible to consider that different environmental conditions exert significant influence on human organism, which is the core of the adaptation process. The largest distance separates the groups from the city of Saransk and Mordovian villages. It shows that the impact of social and environmental factors for rural and urban inhabitants is much larger as compared to ecological ones, e.g., latitude of the location. Comparison of the CSD values in all groups showed that the degree of adaptation potentials is considerably different in males and females for many characteristics. Thus, for body mass components, characteristics of respiratory system, height and BMI, males are more sensitive to environmental influences. For the cardiovascular system traits, the degree of fat tissue development and body mass, the strength of adaptation changes is practically equal in men and women, with slight advantages in men

Hydrocarbon and soot oxidation over cerium and iron doped vanadium SCR catalysts

V$_{2}$O$_{5}$−WO$_{3}$/TiO$_{2}$ (VWTi) catalysts are widely employed for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO$_{x}$. However, due to their poor thermal stability the application in diesel particulate filters (DPFs), i. e. 2‐way SCRonDPF is limited. In this study, the potential of Ce‐ and Fe‐doped VWTi systems for hydrocarbon and soot oxidation in addition to the SCR activity was systematically investigated for fresh and thermally aged samples. The formation of metal vanadates upon thermal aging, as identified by X‐ray diffraction, Raman and X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy, prevents drastic sintering of the support and maintains a high NO$_{x}$−SCR and hydrocarbon oxidation activity. Additionally, the doped VWTi catalysts show a slight increase of the CO$_{2}$ selectivity during hydrocarbon oxidation, which represents an important aspect for such multifunctional catalysts. Despite of the advantages, the formation of metal vanadates hinders the mobility of vanadium species and decreases the soot oxidation ability of the doped catalysts. Interestingly, a promising soot oxidation activity was identified for the VWTi−Fe sample after aging at 650 °C, which resulted in decomposition of the iron vanadate and generation of highly dispersed and mobile V$_{2}$O$_{5}$

Teaching Home Reading in the German Language Classes Using Information and Communication Technologies (from the Experience of Working in a Non-Linguistic Institution)

The specifics of the teaching of home reading in a non-linguistic university at the junior Bachelor’s programs (German as the main language) using information and communication technologies are characterized. It is noted that the classes within the framework of this course are aimed at the formation of a communicative foreign speaking competence. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of development of monologic speech and the primary skills of conducting discussions on the problems of reading texts in international students at early stages of studies. Attention is also given to the students mastering the elements of text analysis. The author dwells on the principles of selecting literature for home reading (authenticity, accessibility, relevance). The review of works and didactic materials which are involved at the organization of classes on home reading of 1-2 year Bachelor’s degree students of non-language high school is presented. Particular attention is paid to the use of information and communication technologies in teaching for the effectiveness of the learning process of foreign language and the development of foreign communicative competence. Examples are provided on how innovative approaches to the organization of classroom and independent work on the home reading of Bachelor’s degree students used at the MGIMO, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, who study German as the main language

RETAINING CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN ONLINE SHOPPING. A COMPARISON OF UK WITH RUSSIA

This study examines the retention of customer loyalty in online shopping and provides information on the UK and Russian markets and explains the differences between them. First, it gives an overview of the whole process of investigation. Secondly, it examines the customer loyalty concept in online shopping. Next, it reviews the profiles of the UK and Russia and their online markets. A quantitative research in the form of the email questionnaire for each country was conducted and the results are analysed. Finally, the conclusions of the study are reported with reference to each objective. This is followed by the limitations, and concludes with some suggestions for further research. The survey provided 109 usable results which were statistically analysed. The results showed that, in general, UK consumers were loyal but still paid attention to other websites offers. In contrast, Russian consumers were found to be not loyal. It was suggested that this could be due to the yet undeveloped online market in Russia. Furthermore, the study also showed that there were no significant differences between UK and Russia in terms of the importance of antecedents of customer loyalty. Therefore, the findings of this study agreed with the academic literature by proving the importance of antecedents of e-loyalty. Furthermore, the study also proved that countrys culture influenced the customer loyalty in online shopping. The recommendation for the online market in both countries is to provide excellent customer service in order to meet all the requirements of customers. Extra services such as customization, outlook of the website, cultivation, community, choice, convenience, security and a well-known brand should be also considered