Biomechanical Analysis of Fixation and Bone

Long-term survivorship of a total knee replacement (TKR) relies on the strength of bone around the implant and its initial stability. Aseptic component loosening caused by mechanical factors is a recognised failure mode for knee prostheses. Bone resorption due to “stress-shielding” of the stiff stemmed implants will potentially lead to weakened bone strength, and presents a challenge for revision TKR surgery. The aim of this study was to develop analytical methodologies for the investigation of fixation performance of TKR, and to gain a better understanding of the prosthetic design requirements, addressing two major mechanical problems of bone remodelling and aseptic loosening. Patient-specific finite element (FE) modelling incorporated with a strain-adaptive bone remodelling theory was used to simulate bone remodelling responses of the postoperative tibial fixation. The choice of cementing technique was found to influence the remodelling behaviour; cemented fixationmodelled as a firm anchorage of the prosthesis onto the bone, was predicted to induce greater stress-shielding effect consequently leading to severe proximal bone resorption; for a fixation relying on biological attachment of bony ingrowthmodelled as a less firmly anchored boneprosthesis interface, lesser proximal bone resorption was predicted. The consideration of bone remodelling in FE simulations for fixation analyses is paramount as it influenced the risk prediction of aseptic loosening between prosthesis designs. The cement tensile stresses and bone-prosthesis interface micromotions predicted were different prior to and after bone adaptation. FE predictions of the MIS mini-keel and standard stemmed prosthesis fixations after simulating six months of bone adaptation correlated well with the RSA measurements at a similar period. A modified in-vitro technique of measuring bone-prosthesis relative micromotion was developed for relating initial stability of the cemented and cementless (press-fit) tibial prostheses fixations to late aseptic loosening. The developed computational and invitro methods should be applicable to other joint replacements

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PERILAKU BERKENDARA PADA PENGEMUDI ANGKUTAN UMUM PENUMPANG

ABSTRACTAccording to World Health Organization (WHO) report, traffic accident level in the world has reached 1.25 million deaths and 30 million injuries/disabilities annually. Based on national data, losses due to road traffic accidents is estimated at 2.9 to 3.1% of the total GDP of Indonesia. Traffic accident mostly caused by human factor as the main actor. Noting this, it is proper to make road safety as a national priority to be fixed. This research outlines the main benefit of Smart Tachograph feature as a tool to control driving behavior and how effective it changed the driver, in this case is the driver public transport behavior. Smart Tachograph is a tool which is developed to supervise performance of vehicle and driver in order to maintain vehicle operate fully obey the traffic regulation. Installation of tachograph expected could reduce the potential of traffic accident caused by driver fault and vehicle malfunction. The result of this study proved that installation of smart tachograph in public transport vehicle has increase driver performance in controlling vehicle as traffic regulation states.ABSTRAKMenurut laporan Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), jumlah korban meninggal akibat kecelakaan transportasi jalan di dunia telah mencapai 1,25 juta pada tahun 2011 dan lebih dari 30 juta korban luka-luka/cacat akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas pertahun. Secara nasional, kerugian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas jalan diperkirakan mencapai 2,9 - 3,1 % dari total PDB Indonesia. Banyaknya kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan kendaraan angkutan umum melibatkan faktor pengemudi sebagai penyebab utama. Memperhatikan hal tersebut, keselamatan lalu lintas jalan sudah sewajarnya menjadi prioritas nasional yang mendesak untuk segera diperbaiki. Smart Tachograph adalah alat yang dikembangkan untuk memonitoring kinerja kendaraan dan pengemudi agar pengoperasian armada selalu berada pada koridor kepatuhan peraturan lalu lintas. Dengan dipasangnya alat monitor ini diharapkan dapat menurunkan potensi terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas akibat dari kesalahan pengemudi dan kegagalan fungsi peralatan kendaraan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dengan pemasangan smart tachograph akan meningkatkan kinerja pengemudi dalam pengendalian kendaraan yang sesuai dengan peraturan lalu lintas

Changes in Chinese's political involvement in Malaysia

Malaysian Chinese is the second largest group in the country’s population and has been actively involved in politics since their mass immigration during the middle of the 19th century. The main objective of this article is to examine the political involvement of the Chinese, their voting behaviour, bureaucratic participation and reaction to Malay dominance in the country in different periods, i.e. pre- and post-1970, and post-2008 General Elections. This writing is greatly contingent upon a content analysis on secondary data collected from reports, journal articles, book chapters, and newspaper articles. In short, Chinese’s involvement and reaction in politics in Malaysia significantly depend on the discourse of Malay dominance. Malaysian Chinese’s political participation in the period from 1970 to 1990 indicated both continuity and change. Chinese electorate’s voting patterns seem to demonstrate a swing to the opposition candidates, while the parties in the Barisan Nasional government continue to enjoy the confidence of the Malay communities as well as the elites. Meanwhile, the so-called politic tsunami on 8 March 2008 has opened a new phase in the Malaysian political development. The nature of politics is said to have shifted from communal-based politic to multiethnic-based

Kinetic Study Of The Gas Phase Pyrolysis Of Cis-1-Chloro-2-Butene

The pyrolysis of cis-l-chloro-2-butene has been studied in temperature range 564 - 617 K, The predominant reaction is the elimination of HC1 by a pathway that is believed to be homogeneous and unimolecular. The Arrhenius parameters suggests a six-centred activated complex: $\text{log}\frac{k_1}{s^-1} = \text{12.81}\pm{0.77}- \frac {181800\pm8700 J mol^-1}{2.303 RT}$ This reaction is accompanied by a relatively slow isomerisation, cis-trans, which is shown to be heterogeneous. Subsequent polymerisation of the product, butadiene also occurs. Comparisons of the rate data for the elimination reaction with that of structurally similar compounds and with alkyl halides can be made. It appears that in the six-centred mechanism the hydrogen plays a more important role in the formation of the incipient hydrogen halide molecule than it is generally thought to do in the more usual four-centred mechanism. Nevertheless, electron-releasing groups have a large effect on the rate, similar to that observed in ester pyrolysis, and hence it is inferred that there is substantial development of polarity in the six-centred mechanism

Vocational Training and Wheelchairs

This article talks about two associations that work together to improve the lives of mine survivors and other persons with disabilities in Cambodia by providing skills training, counseling and wheelchairs

KEPENTINGAN HUKUM DAN KEKUASAAN

ABSTRAKHubungannya dengan hal tersbut di atas, maka sesungguhnya perludipahami akan makna dari filsafat hukum. Filsafat hukum mempersoalkanpertanyaan-pertanyaan yang bersifat dasar dari hukum. Penelitian dilaksanakanmelalui metode studi kepustakaan yaitu pendekatan normatif empirik yangmenggabungkan data daripada bahan hukum primer berupa regulasi yang adadengan kejadian-kejadian Hukum dan kekuasaan merupakan dua hal yang berbedanamun saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Pada dasarnya hakekat hukum yangideal sebagai obyek filsafat hukum tentunyamempersoalkan pertanyaan-pertanyaanyang bersifat dasar dari hukum. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang “hakikat hukum”,tentang “dasar-dasar bagi kekuatan mengikat dari hukum”, merupakan contohcontoh pertanyaan yang bersifat mendasar itu. Atas dasar yang demikian itu, filsafathukum bisa dihadapkan kepada ilmu hukum positif.Kata Kunci : Kepentingan, Hukum, Kekuasaa

Socialization of ethnic identity and its consequence in the form of polarization among youth in Malaysia.

Proses pembentukan identiti mempengaruhi hubungan etnik. Dalam konteks hubungan etnik di kalangan belia yang menuntut di universiti awam Malaysia, pembentukan identiti etnik telah menyebabkan berlakunya polarisasi. Kajian-kajian menunjukkan belia tersebut memilih rakan sebilik, rakan tugasan dan teman untuk duduk bersama ketika kuliah dengan berpandukan factor etnik. Bagi memahami permasalahan ini, kertas kerja ini menganalisis peranan sosialisasi dalam pembentukan identiti social dan kaitannya dengan polarisasi kaum di kalangan belia di university. Tahap intensity polarisasi dibincangkan dengan mendalami kajian-kajian lepas yang mengkaji fenomena polarisasi kaum di kalangan penuntut universiti awam. Selain itu, peranan biologi dalam pembentukan identiti akan juga dianalisis. Hubungan dialektik antara peranan struktur social (structural) dan tindakan individu (action) dalam pembentukan identiti etnik juga dihuraikan bagi menerangkan bagaimana perkaitan antara mereka boleh menghasilkan polarisasi etnik di kalangan belia universiti awam Malaysia

Rukun Negara teras pembinaan modal insan: satu komentar

In the process of achieving the status of a developed nation physically as well as spiritually by 2020, Malaysia is confronted by various complex issues. The issues come in various aspects, forms and levels like the moral issues, crime, ethnic relations, family, and the impact of globalization amongst others. In all the endeavours made by the government, the effort of human capital development can be considered spiritually and morally important. This agenda is significant in the formation of human capital with high quality and a first class mentality in the competitive era of globalization. Therefore, it is important to examine the effectiveness of all the human capital development efforts. The effectiveness of a policy very much relies upon the foundation that supports the policy to ensure its continuity. In line with this, this paper proposes that the national ideology, the Rukun Negara become the foundation of human capital development. It is expected that there will be problems in the integrated effort to inculcate the national ideology amongst Malaysians. Therefore, some challenges like the lack of monitoring system and the negative political influences will be discussed. Finally, several moderate proposals will be provided to strengthen the implementation of Rukun Negara towards the formation of human capital with a first class mentality and vision