A Biological Approach to Understanding Resistance to Apology, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation in Group Conflict

This article introduces a biological approach to understanding resistance to apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation in intergroup conflict. To start with, reconciliation takes place at the level of the individual. To understand resistance to group reconciliation, one must understand why individuals resist reconciliation. In turn, one must understand how membership in the group affects individual resistance. This article first examines the behaviors that promote or discourage reconciliation. Using evolutionary biology and game theory, we illustrate how the strategic dynamics of dyadic interaction tend to favor these behaviors and derive a schema relevant to a reconciliatory cycle. We then explore how the distinct context of intra- and intergroup conflict reinforces these behaviors. Finally, we identify those barriers to individual reconciliation that result from the strategic dynamics of social group architectures, particularly those that differ from the ancestral social architecture within which individual behavior has evolved. We conclude with a brief application of this conceptual approach to truth and reconciliation commissions

MOCVD-Grown InGa/GaAs Emitter Delta Doping Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

The influence of delta doping sheet at base-emitter (BE) junction for an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with a 75Å undoped spacer layer is investigated. A common emitter current gain of 235, an offset voltage as small as 50mV and an Ic ideal factor of 1.01 are obtained, respectively. The use of delta doping sheet at BE junction results in a high gain and low offset voltage HBT. The improvement of current gain and offset voltage may be attributed to the reduction of BE potential spike by introducing a delta doping layer even without the BE junction passivation

Requiem or Resurgence?

Published in cooperation with the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolutio

"I Know . . . Through My Eyes and Ears": Charles Dickens's Artistic Vision in Bleak House

Despite using two different narrative voices to construct the story in Bleak House, Charles Dickens nevertheless ensures unity within the novel by creating a self-contained narrative painting. The various linguistic and visual details that Dickens includes in Bleak House work conjointly to advance his narrative goal as he employs recurring images and symbolic motifs in both his textual narrative and the accompanying illustrations to form a thread that connects different parts of the story. These details often compel readers to engage more intimately with the story that he tells by allowing them to visualize and participate in the rhythm of his narrative. Through his artistic creation, Dickens exercises his narrative authority over readers by subtly shaping their perception throughout the novel.Englis

Separation and Trapping of Microparticles Utilizing Ac Electroosmotic Flow in a Y-Shaped Microchannel with Asymmetric Electrode Pairs

[[abstract]]In this study, for clearer inspection of biosamples, a Y-shaped microchannel with a downstream sudden expansion channel in which a series of asymmetric microelectrode pairs were embedded was designed to separate and trap the microparticles within NaCl (sodium chloride) liquid. NaCl liquid, with different sized particles, was injected through one inlet of the Y-shaped microchannel. In the pinched segment of the channel, the injected particles were pinched by another NaCl liquid introduced through another inlet of the Y-shaped microchannel and aligned along a sidewall. AC electric potentials were applied to each pair of asymmetric electrodes, generating a non-uniform electrical field resulting in small and large rolls on the electrodes. While the small particles passed through the electrodes, the particles were introduced into the rolls and trapped within the pairs of electrodes. Through the specific Y-shaped microchannel and the induced AC electroosmotic flow within the sudden expansion microchannel, separation and trapping of microparticles can be achieved continuously and simultaneously[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子版[[countrycodes]]RO