Cultural Tourism Trails as Part of Sustainable Tourism – The Tool of Shaping the Greenways and Protection of Ecosystems in Gorce

Gorce are part of Carpathians – Western Beskidy, Mountains. They are located in Southern Poland, ca. 25km north of High Tatra Mountains. They stretch on approximately 550km². Gorce attract tourists with varying terrain and, most of all, some of the most beautiful open wide views of surrounding mountain chains. The relics of the original Carpathian Forest and the landscape of deeply cut mountain streams are also very valuable. Impressive rock outcroppings and not-yet-explored, numerous caves can also be found here. The phenomenon of Gorce comes from the unique landscape, shaped by both nature and by man, originally for shepherding, then for agriculture, and nowadays – for cultural tourism. Natural-cultural landscape of Gorce is getting more and more appretiation. On the level of voivodship strategies the landscape it should be becoming the basis of understanding between tourism organisations, touroperators, inhabitants and ecologists. Said landscape should be protected in an integrated, wholistic and not particular, manner; according to the ideas of Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski, Walery Goetel, Zygmunt Novák, Gerard Ciołek, Janusz Bogdanowski and Maria Łuczyńska-Bruzda. An example of combining protection and making the landscape available is the idea of creation of cultural tourism trails not through mechanical setting of trails, but by previously creating the conditions favouring the protection and safety of shared natural and cultural resources, by preparing the corridors of special usage and management of said resources

The beast within: Animalization in Angela Carter's and Carmel Bird's Revisions of "Little Red Riding Hood"

“Little Red Riding Hood”, often defined as a “cautionary tale”, is the fairy tale which deals exclusively with the body, female sexuality, and the related concepts of morality and the forbidden. This MA thesis investigates the postmodernist gendered revisions of “Little Red Riding Hood” in Angela Carter’s “The Company of Wolves” (1979) and Carmel Bird’s “Cave Amantem” (1985), and explores the extent to which these texts (de)construct the notions of female sexuality and gender identity and offer different representations and new models for individual and cultural regeneration. This research paper focuses particularly on the subversive strategy of animalization and its connection with corporeity, which has never before been systematically analyzed in connection with the revisions of “Little Red Riding Hood.” Given the large disregard of the much wider amalgam of messages on female sexuality and the complexities of identity offered by animalization, the present dissertation will first seek to redefine this technique as a subversive literary strategy. This new liberating vision of animalization will be defended using the theories of feminist and post-colonial critics such as Julia Kristeva, Judith Butler, Rosi Braidotti, Homi K. Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak, to mention just a few. The more practical component of this thesis will provide a systematic analysis of animalization, understood as the evolutionary exploration of “the beast within” and a powerful tool of female self discovery leading to alternative conceptions of freedom.“Caperucita Roja”, que se ha clasificado como relato aleccionador, es un cuento que está relacionado exclusivamente con el cuerpo, la sexualidad femenina y los conceptos de “lo moral” y “lo prohibido.” Esta tesina pretende analizar las versiones de “Caperucita Roja” escritas por Angela Carter y Carmel Bird: “The Company of Wolves” (1979) y “Cave Amantem” (1985) respectivamente. A lo largo del análisis textual se explorará hasta qué punto estas versiones ofrecen una nueva (de)construcción de los conceptos de sexualidad femenina e identidad de género; también se planteará si los relatos cortos analizados ofrecen unas representaciones distintas y modelos novedosos para la regeneración individual y cultural. El presente estudio se centrará sobre todo en la estrategia subversiva de la animalización, cuya conexión con la corporeidad en el contexto de “Caperucita Roja” nunca ha sido analizada de manera sistemática. Dada la falta de reconocimiento de la extensa amalgama de mensajes acerca de la sexualidad femenina ofrecida por la estrategia de animalización, en primer lugar el presente proyecto tratará de reivindicar dicha técnica como una estrategia literaria subversiva. Esta nueva visión liberadora se defenderá partiendo de las teorías de críticos feministas y postcoloniales como Julia Kristeva, Judith Butler, Rosi Braidotti, Homi K. Bhabha, y Gayatri Spivak, entre otros. El componente más práctico de la presente tesina llevará a cabo un análisis sistemático de la animalización, entendida como la exploración evolucionaria de “la bestia interior” y una poderosa herramienta del autoconocimiento femenino que abrirá un camino hacia concepciones alternativas de la libertad.Universidad de Granada. Máster Universitario en Lingüística y Literatura InglesasFinancial support for part of this project was provided by a research grant from the University of Granada, Spain: Beca de Iniciación del Plan Propio de Investigación (2012-2014) de la Universidad de Granada (Vicerrectorado de Política Científica e Investigación)

Coastal Capital: Dominican Republic: Case Studies on the Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystems in the Dominican Republic

Illustrates the benefits coralline beaches, reefs, and mangroves in various parts of the country offer, including providing protection against beach erosion, habitats for fisheries, potential tourism growth in protected marine areas, and local tourism

Escape, capture, and levitation of matter in Eddington outbursts

Context: An impulsive increase in luminosity by one half or more of the Eddington value will lead to ejection of all optically thin plasma from Keplerian orbits around the radiating star, if gravity is Newtonian and the Poynting-Robertson drag is neglected. Radiation drag may bring some particles down to the stellar surface. On the other hand, general relativistic calculations show that gravity may be balanced by a sufficiently intense radiation field at a certain distance from the star. Aims: We investigate the motion of test particles around highly luminous stars to determine conditions under which plasma may be ejected from the system. Results: In Einstein's gravity, if the outburst is close to the Eddington luminosity, all test particles orbiting outside an "escape sphere" will be ejected from the system, while all others will be captured from their orbits onto the surface of another sphere, which is well above the stellar surface, and may even be outside the escape sphere, depending on the value of luminosity. Radiation drag will bring all the captured particles to rest on this "Eddington capture sphere," where they will remain suspended in an equilibrium state as long as the local flux of radiation does not change and remains at the effective Eddington value.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Limits on thickness and efficiency of Polish doughnuts in application to the ULX sources

Polish doughnuts (PDs) are geometrically thick disks that rotate with super-Keplerian velocities in their innermost parts, and whose long and narrow funnels along rotation axes collimate the emerging radiation into beams. In this paper we construct an extremal family of PDs that maximize both geometrical thickness and radiative efficiency. We then derive upper limits for these quantities and subsequently for the related ability to collimate radiation. PDs with such extreme properties may explain the observed properties of the ultraluminous X-ray sources without the need for the black hole masses to exceed ~ 10 solar masses. However, we show that strong advective cooling, which is expected to be one of the dominant cooling mechanisms in accretion flows with super-Eddington accretion rates, tends to reduce the geometrical thickness and luminosity of PDs substantially. We also show that the beamed radiation emerging from the PD funnels corresponds to "isotropic" luminosities that linearly scale with the mass accretion rate, and do not obey the familiar and well-known logarithmic relation.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Contracts, Behavior, and the Land-Assembly Problem:An Experimental Study

We use multilateral bargaining experiments to examine how the order of bargaining (simultaneous or sequential) and the nature of contracts (contingent or non-contingent) affect the duration of bargaining, the efficiency of exchange, and the distribution of the surplus in a laboratory land-assembly game with one buyer and two sellers. While theory predicts an earnings advantage for the first seller when contracts are sequential and contingent, and for the second seller when contracts are sequential and non-contingent, we find that when a seller has an earnings advantage in the laboratory, it is the first seller to bargain in the non-contingent contract treatments. This result contradicts conventional wisdom and a common result from the land-assembly literature that it is advantageous to be the last seller to bargain, a so-called “holdout”. We also find evidence that sequential bargaining leads to more aggressive seller bargaining and greater bargaining delay than simultaneous bargaining, ceteris paribus, and that non-contingent contracts increase bargaining delay and the likelihood of failed agreements. The majority of sellers indicated a preference for being the first seller to bargain in all sequential bargaining treatments.