1,037 research outputs found
How to test for partially predictable chaos
For a chaotic system pairs of initially close-by trajectories become
eventually fully uncorrelated on the attracting set. This process of
decorrelation may split into an initial exponential decrease, characterized by
the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and a subsequent diffusive process on the
chaotic attractor causing the final loss of predictability. The time scales of
both processes can be either of the same or of very different orders of
magnitude. In the latter case the two trajectories linger within a finite but
small distance (with respect to the overall extent of the attractor) for
exceedingly long times and therefore remain partially predictable.
Tests for distinguishing chaos from laminar flow widely use the time
evolution of inter-orbital correlations as an indicator. Standard tests however
yield mostly ambiguous results when it comes to distinguish partially
predictable chaos and laminar flow, which are characterized respectively by
attractors of fractally broadened braids and limit cycles. For a resolution we
introduce a novel 0-1 indicator for chaos based on the cross-distance scaling
of pairs of initially close trajectories, showing that this test robustly
discriminates chaos, including partially predictable chaos, from laminar flow.
One can use furthermore the finite time cross-correlation of pairs of initially
close trajectories to distinguish, for a complete classification, also between
strong and partially predictable chaos. We are thus able to identify laminar
flow as well as strong and partially predictable chaos in a 0-1 manner solely
from the properties of pairs of trajectories.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
High resolution observations of Jovian magnetospheric microwave synchrotron emission
High resolution radio observations of Jupiter were investigated with the use of the Stanford synthesis telescope. The best fit disk was computed from the emission of Jupiter and the residual brightness, due to nonthermal mechanisms was measured
Characterization of an in-vacuum PILATUS 1M detector
A dedicated in-vacuum X-ray detector based on the hybrid pixel PILATUS 1M
detector has been installed at the four-crystal monochromator beamline of PTB
at the electron storage ring BESSY II in Berlin. Due to its windowless
operation, the detector can be used in the entire photon energy range of the
beamline from 10 keV down to 1.75 keV for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
experiments and anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) at absorption edges of light elements.
The radiometric and geometric properties of the detector like quantum
efficiency, pixel pitch and module alignment have been determined with low
uncertainties. The first grazing incidence SAXS (GISAXS) results demonstrate
the superior resolution in momentum transfer achievable at low photon energies.Comment: accepted by Journal of Synchrotron Radiatio
Rhetorics of Cancer in America
This dissertation examines the constitutive functions of multimodal cancer rhetoric in America and critiques the resulting ideological consequences. This study locates the multimodal manifestations of American cancer rhetoric within three realms – textual/oral, visual/material, and bodily/performative. Beginning in the discursive realm, it traces the metaphoric evolution of the “War on Cancer” and the “Cancer Moonshot Initiative” in presidential rhetoric before then moving to an analysis of artifacts from American cancer rhetoric’s nondiscursive formations. For the visual/material modality, this study analyzes the pink breast cancer “awareness” ribbon and the yellow Livestrong cancer “support” bracelet; for the bodily/performative modality, it then considers two portrayals of cancered bodies in popular media – Walter White from the television series Breaking Bad and the featured childhood cancer patients from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
To better understand the ongoing identification processes within and among the various modalities of American cancer rhetoric, this dissertation expands upon several theories of constitutive rhetoric. First, it utilizes an extended concept of constitutive metaphors to properly ascertain the identification and ideological power of the martial and space exploration metaphoric frameworks underlying the “War on Cancer” and the “Cancer Moonshot Initiative.” Second, it positions the pink ribbon and yellow bracelet of American cancer culture as iconic objects and locates their identificatory and ideological impact as emanating from their constitutive materiality. Finally, this study advances a narrative-based framework for understanding the constitutive corporality of cancered bodies in media. By attending to the physical contours of cancered bodies, this study effectively demonstrates the identity and ideological force of such bodies.
Overarchingly, however, this dissertation contributes to a more nuanced understanding of constitutive theory through its focus upon cancer’s paradoxical status as an “invisible illness.” That is, although initially invisible, cancer transforms into a highly visible disease when medically treated – and this tension between what is visible and what is not, and its impact on processes of identification – demonstrates the latent power of invisibility in constitutive rhetorics
Does Telemedical Support of First Responders Improve Guideline Adherence in an Offshore Emergency Scenario? A Simulator-Based Prospective Study
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate, in a simulator-based prospective study, whether telemedical support improves quality of emergency first response (performance) by medical non-professionals to being non-inferior to medical professionals.
SETTING:
In a simulated offshore wind power plant, duos (teams) of offshore engineers and teams of paramedics conducted the primary survey of a simulated patient.
PARTICIPANTS:
38 offshore engineers and 34 paramedics were recruited by the general email invitation.
INTERVENTION:
Teams (randomised by lot) were supported by transmission technology and a remote emergency physician in Berlin.
OUTCOME MEASURES:
From video recordings, performance (17 item checklist) and required time (up to 15 min) were quantified by expert rating for analysis. Differences were analysed using two-sided exact Mann-Whitney U tests for independent measures, non-inferiority was analysed using Schuirmann one-sided test. The significance level of 5 % was Holm-Bonferroni adjusted in each family of pairwise comparisons.
RESULTS:
Nine teams of engineers with, nine without, nine teams of paramedics with and eight without support completed the task. Two experts quantified endpoints, insights into rater dependence were gained. Supported engineers outperformed unsupported engineers (p<0.01), insufficient evidence was found for paramedics (p=0.11). Without support, paramedics outperformed engineers (p<0.01). Supported engineers' performance was non-inferior (at one item margin) to that by unsupported paramedics (p=0.03). Supported groups were slower than unsupported groups (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:
First response to medical emergencies in offshore wind farms with substantially delayed professional care may be improved by telemedical support. Future work should test our result during additional scenarios and explore interdisciplinary and ecosystem aspects of this support.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:
DRKS0001437
Correlated Diffuse X-ray Scattering from Periodically Nano-Structured Surfaces
Laterally periodic nanostructures were investigated with grazing incidence
small angle X-ray scattering. To support an improved reconstruction of
nanostructured surface geometries, we investigated the origin of the
contributions to the diffuse scattering pattern which is correlated to the
surface roughness. Resonant diffuse scattering leads to a palm-like structure
of intensity sheets. Dynamic scattering generates the so-called Yoneda band
caused by a resonant scatter enhancement at the critical angle of total
reflection and higher-order Yoneda bands originating from a subsequent
diffraction of the Yoneda enhanced scattering at the grating. Our explanations
are supported by modelling using a solver for the time-harmonic Maxwell's
equations based on the finite-element method
Traceable GISAXS measurements for pitch determination of a 25 nm self-assembled polymer grating
The feature sizes of only a few nanometers in modern nanotechnology and
next-generation microelectronics continually increase the demand for suitable
nanometrology tools. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is
a versatile technique to measure lateral and vertical sizes in the nm-range,
but the traceability of the obtained parameters, which is a prerequisite for
any metrological measurement, has not been demonstrated so far. In this work,
the first traceable GISAXS measurements, demonstrated with a self-assembled
block copolymer grating structure with a nominal pitch of 25 nm, are reported.
The different uncertainty contributions to the obtained pitch value of 24.83(9)
nm are discussed individually. The main uncertainty contribution results from
the sample-detector distance and the pixel size measurement, whereas the
intrinsic asymmetry of the scattering features is of minor relevance for the
investigated grating structure. The uncertainty analysis provides a basis for
the evaluation of the uncertainty of GISAXS data in a more general context, for
example in numerical data modeling.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; submitted to Journal of Applied Crystallograph
Content-based Publish/Subscribe in Software-defined Networks
With SDN, content-based publish/subscribe can be implemented on the network layer instead of using an application layer broker network. We present two methods realizing notification distribution with OpenFlow and P4, respectively
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