L’Islam, les orientalistes et l’Occident. Recherche de contact et de dialogue

Cet article veut promouvoir la coopération et le dialogue entre les occidentaux et les musulmans dans un proche avenir. Il s’intéresse à l’originalité et la créativité humaines telles que requises dans des situations de rencontre. Un défi majeur de notre époque est celui de la communication, y compris en ce qui concerne les religions. Ceci constitue en effet un test pour la dignité humaine et le résultat n’est pas certain. Fondamentalement, islam est une foi humaine, un mode de vie et une forme d’ordre social. Pendant trop longtemps — malgré la pratique d’études orientalistes —, l’Occident a vu l’islam à travers le prisme d’intérêts occidentaux : matériels, culturels et spirituels. Au temps de l’hégémonie occidentale, il aurait difficilement pu en être autrement. L’islam tendait à être construit comme une alternative radicale au monde occidental. Une telle construction dualiste de l’Occident et de l’islam, cependant, n’est pas seulement insoutenable d’un point de vue scientifique. Elle implique aussi un provincialisme politique. Nous faisons ici certaines propositions pour créer de nouveaux genres de rapports entre occidentaux et musulmans.This article calls for increased cooperation and dialogue between born “Westerners” and born “Muslims” in the near future. It suggests human originality and individual creativity be valued when those cultures are encountering each other. A major challenge of our time is that of communication, including in religious matters. It is a test of human dignity with a far from certain outcome. Basically, Islam is a human faith, a way of life, and a kind of social order. For too long — notwithstanding the practice of Orientalist studies — the West has viewed Islam in the perspective of Western material, cultural and spiritual interests. In a period of Western hegemony it could hardly have been otherwise. Islam tended to be constructed as a radical alternative to the Western world. This dualist construction of the West and Islam, however, is not only untenable in scholarly terms but also implies political provincialism. Suggestions are made to create new kinds of relationships between Westerners and Muslims

The influence of commitment on employees’ sense of belongingness, and the consequences on employees’ turnover intentions in high-commitment organizations: A study at the Royal Netherlands Navy.

This study has been conducted in order to further understand the experience of belongingness of employees and to identify how organizations can reduce the turnover intentions of their employees by using the experience of belongingness, complemented by the effect of commitment (formal and informal). Two forms of belongingness were developed: (1) personal belongingness and (2) organizational belongingness. The results of this study indicate that a positive experience of organizational belongingness reduces the turnover intentions of those employees. Complementing this with formal commitment could increase the positive experience. Personal belongingness could either reduce or increase the intention to leave; informal commitment could be used to reduce this intention

Digitizing crime:How the use of predictive policing influences police work practices

This paper reports on an ongoing ethnographic study on knowledge production through the use of analytics in police work. Based on an analysis of work practices of so-called “intelligence officers” and police action, we show that there is an important role for intermediaries – those who are in-between designers and users – who make analytics actionable. We find that the work of intermediaries includes three contextualizing practices: (1) validating, (2) filtering, and (3) supplementing. These practices are deemed necessary by both intelligence and police officers, as they give a richer and more concrete explanation to algorithmic outputs and create actionable knowledge. At the same time, these practices shape what knowledge is considered useful and which contextual factors will be taken into account

What Are We Augmenting? A Multidisciplinary Analysis of AI-based Augmentation for the Future of Work.

While augmentation is commonly presented as a desirable path in AI development and implementation, we have not yet found a shared definition for this concept. As the verb “to augment” needs to be followed by a target, we raise the question: What is augmented with AI? Building on a literature review of the augmentation narratives in five different disciplines – i.e., labor economics, computer science, philosophy, management, and information systems – we identify eleven distinct augmentation perspectives taken by scholars of those fields, including the underlying theoretical concepts that indicate what is intended to be augmented. This paper contributes to theory by “going beyond augmentation as collaboration” and helping us to move “towards collaboration for augmentation”

Logic fluidity:How frontline professionals use institutional logics in their day-to-day work

This article aims to gain a better understanding on micro processes of how frontline professionals use institutional logics in their day-to-day work. It contributes to the growing literature on the dynamics between institutions and the professional frontline. To further develop this field of study, a conceptual framework is presented that integrates institutional logics, vocabularies of practice, and narratives as central concepts. By adopting a composite narrative approach and identifying vocabularies of practice, the article interprets how frontline professionals make use of different logics to make sense of a new principle introduced in their professional field. Findings are based on a case study of professional patient collaboration in healthcare. The article composes five narratives that act as vehicles through which healthcare professionals use five logics: a medical professional logic, managerial logic, commercial logic, consultation logic, and patient-centeredness logic. It argues that frontline professionals use vocabularies of practice to assemble narratives that help them to navigate between a plurality of logics. It further shows that professionals move fluently from one narrative to another, critiquing the ideas of adherence to a dominant logic and conflict solving. The article finalizes with a discussion that advocates for a process studies perspective and a stronger focus on micro processes in research on professional performance in the context of institutional plurality.</p

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Studies on sport mega-events and their legacies often seem only loosely connected to local experiences. Stories on sport mega-event legacy appear as a setting-the-scene or function as a reference to illustrate specific types of legacy. However, stories themselves are never the primary focus in these studies. What is generally lacking from these studies is an interpretive perspective, giving voice to ordinary citizens’ everyday experiences of legacies in mundane aspects of their lives and their local environment. The article aims to add an analysis of stories to the existing body of knowledge as an innovative way of interpreting sport mega-events’ legacies. We introduce a narrative ethnographic approach for studying sport mega-event legacy, by looking at the way stories and narrative analysis are used to conceptualise legacy in the sociological subfield of ageing-studies. In our case study we show how citizens from one Johannesburg township make sense of the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup one year after the event, by analysing people's stories about two sport-for-development projects. We conclude that local residents of the township of Alexandra perceive changes in public safety and the image of Alexandra as the most important positive legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. At the same time they take a critical stance towards the World Cup's legacy, because personal situations and community structures were often disrupted, rather than improved. We maintain that a narrative ethnographic approach provides extensive accounts about sport mega-event legacies, which help to better understand the different faces of sport mega-events’ legacies at a micro level