Smarandache sums of products

This paper deals with the sums of products of first n natural numbers, taken r at a time. Many interesting results about the summations are obtained. Ramasubramanian has already made some work in this direction. This paper is an extension of his work. In next part, the sums of odd and even natural numbers are discussed, and also of natural numbers, not necessarily beginning with one. After that, properties of sequences, arising out of these sums are obtained. Interestingly, the numbers thus obtained are Stirlings numbers

Surface-plasmon enhanced bright emission from CdSe quantum-dot nanocrystals

We obtained very bright light emission from CdSe quantum dots (QDs) by using the surface-plasmon (SP) coupling technique. 23-fold enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensities and two-fold increased PL decay rates are observed when the QDs are located on evaporated gold films. This enhancement is not effective for CdSe cores with ZnS shells (ZnS/CdSe). The reason for this difference can be explained by using the SP dispersion diagram and by considering the SP coupling mechanism. We discuss the inherent merits and demerits of this technique to increase the emission efficiency. This technique will enable high-speed and efficient light emission for optically as well as electrically pumped light emitters

Mouse Simulation Using Two Coloured Tapes

In this paper, we present a novel approach for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) where, we control cursor movement using a real-time camera. Current methods involve changing mouse parts such as adding more buttons or changing the position of the tracking ball. Instead, our method is to use a camera and computer vision technology, such as image segmentation and gesture recognition, to control mouse tasks (left and right clicking, double-clicking, and scrolling) and we show how it can perform everything as current mouse devices can. The software will be developed in JAVA language. Recognition and pose estimation in this system are user independent and robust as we will be using colour tapes on our finger to perform actions. The software can be used as an intuitive input interface to applications that require multi-dimensional control e.g. computer games etc.Comment: 5 page

Electronic control of elastomeric microfluidic circuits with shape memory actuators

Recently, sophisticated fluidic circuits with hundreds of independent valves have been built by using multi-layer soft-lithography to mold elastomers. However, this shrinking of microfluidic circuits has not been matched by a corresponding miniaturization of the actuation and interfacing elements that control the circuits; while the fluidic circuits are small (~10–100 micron wide channels), the Medusa's head-like interface, consisting of external pneumatic solenoids and tubing or mechanical pins to control each independent valve, is larger by one to four orders of magnitude (mm to cm). Consequently, the dream of using large scale integration in microfluidics for portable, high throughput applications has been stymied. By combining multi-layer soft-lithography with shape memory alloys (SMA), we demonstrate electronically activated microfluidic components such as valves, pumps, latches and multiplexers, that are assembled on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Thus, high density, electronically controlled microfluidic chips can be integrated alongside standard opto-electronic components on a PCB. Furthermore, we introduce the idea of microfluidic states, which are combinations of valve states, and analogous to instruction sets of integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors. Microfluidic states may be represented in hardware or software, and we propose a control architecture that results in logarithmic reduction of external control lines. These developments bring us closer to building microfluidic circuits that resemble electronic ICs both physically, as well as in their abstract model

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PREMNA HERBACEA (ROXB.) ROOT EXTRACTS IN ISONIAZID AND STRYCHNINE-INDUCED CONVULSIONS

Objective: The present investigation was to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of three different extracts of roots of Premna herbacea (Roxb.) in mice. The preclinical screening models such as isoniazid (INH)- and strychnine (STR)-induced convulsion were selected for the study.Methods: The three different extracts of P. herbacea, i.e., ethanolic (PHE), petroleum ether (PHP), and chloroform (PHC) were prepared as per standard procedures and evaluated at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and screened with above-mentioned INH and STR-induced convulsions.Results: In INH model, PHC 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showed dose-dependent delay in onset of convulsion (p<0.05 and p<0.01) along with protection of 33.33% of mice. The PHP 400 mg/kg also showed a significant delay in the onset of convulsion (p<0.05) along with protection of 16.66% of mice. In STR-induced model, none of the extracts was effective to delay the onset of convulsion; however, PHC 400 mg/kg protected 16.66% of mice.Conclusion: The results confirmed dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity of P. herbacea PHC in INH-induced convulsions

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PREMNA HERBACEA (ROXB.) EXTRACTS IN PENTYLENETETRAZOL AND MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK-INDUCED CONVULSIONS IN MICE

Objective: In the present study, three different extracts of Pemna herbacea (Roxb.) were evaluated for its anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice.Methods: The shed-dried powder of P. herbacea roots was passed through a sieve and subjected to extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform to get respective extracts named as ethanolic extract of P. herbacea, petroleum ether extract of P. herbacea, and chloroform extract of P. herbacea (PHC). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity study were done. Thereafter, the extracts were analyzed for PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions.Results: The results revealed that PHC at the doses 200 and 400 mg/kg was effective against both, i.e., PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions. Overall PHC 400 mg/kg was most effective, as it significantly delayed onset of convulsions (p<0.01) and reduced % mortality (50%) in PTZ model, while in MES model, it showed the highest reduction in duration of hind limb extension (p<0.01) and percentage protection (33.33%).Conclusion: The results reported anticonvulsant potential of PHC against both PTZ- and MES-induced convulsions suggesting mixed mechanism of action which may be attributed to different phytochemicals acting simultaneously.Â

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (L) DC

Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC (Family: Oxalidaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of various health aliments throughout the world. The plant extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenes, steroids, amino acids, essential oil, polysaccharides and pectin. The plant has been extensively studied by various researchers for its biological activities and therapeutic potentials such as analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, chemoprotective, radioprotective and antifertility. The present review is an effort to provide detailed information on folkloric uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities of the extracts and isolated compounds and safety profile of Biophytum sensitivum for further research studies

Correlation of Static and Dynamic modulus of Elasticity for Different SCC Mixes

For an existing structure static modulus of elasticity of concrete cannot be determined but dynamic modulus of elasticity can be determined by using non destructive testing (NDT) method. The value obtained by NDT cannot match exactly with the static modulus of elasticity but have certain relationship with it. Hence, correlation is required. Self compacting concrete is growing trend in advanced countries. Therefore to know the quality of SCC used in the structures it was proposed to study the relation between the static and dynamic modulus of elasticity of different grades, mixes of SCC. The objective of this study is to compare the static and dynamic modulus of elasticity and the strength of self compacting concrete using silica fume and fly ash. A simple mix design for SCC Proposed by Nan-su method has been used for fixing the trial mixes. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150711

REVERSAL OF METABOLIC SYNDROME WITH PLANT BASED DIET AND EXERCISE

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a specified diet pattern and exercise like lymphatic and strength-building exercises (FFD protocol) to enhance weight and fat loss. A 45-year-old male with a history of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) enrolled in the study. The patient followed a specified diet along with lymphatic and strength-building exercises. Follow up was done for 6 months where, baseline characteristics, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were measured in visit 1 and visit 2. The patient was off DM medication in 10 days. In first follow up (3 months) weight, BMI, waist circumference and body fat was significantly reduced. Whereas skeletal muscle mass was increased. A drop in HbA1C, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar level and postprandial blood sugar levels were observed. In comparison to first follow up the second follow up after 6 months, shows substantial changes in the basal parameters. A drastic decline in HbA1c was reported from 6.1% to 5.5%. The FFD program comprehensively targets diabetes, ultimately clearing GTT the harbinger of the defeat of diabetes and visceral obesity, thereby successfully reversing the cluster of components of this morbid syndrome

The digital root

The digital root of a natural number n is obtained by computing the sum of its digits, then computing the sum of the digits of the resulting number, and so on, till a single digit number is obtained. It is denoted by B ( n ) . In Vedic mathematics, the digital root is known as Beejank; hence our choice of notation, B ( n ) . Note that the digital root of n is itself a natural number