The impact of social health determinants on health expenditure

This work was conducted to investigate the impact of adverse social determinants on health expenditure. Adverse social determinants refer to vulnerable population groups facing material and/or social exclusion. Methodologically, the study used a static, fixed-effects panel model with publicly available data on 32 countries, mainly EU member states, with a time frame from 2003 onwards. While adverse social determinants were associated with weak decreasing public health expenditures, national health systems showed neutralizing effects. Voluntary expenditures were unaffected. These results underline the crucial role of public health offerings and national health systems as a source of equitable access to health services

Grand / small lebesgue spaces: the setting, different approaches, important properties

Let Ω ⊂ Rn be of finite Lebesgue measure and 1 0 is embedded in the space L(p(Ω), which again is embedded in Lp(Ω). We present a way to find their norms which are based on the decreasing rearrangement. To get there, we define specific extrapolation and interpolation constructions and use them, alone and in combination, in order to characterise the spaces. Finally, we compare them to Lorentz-Zygmund spaces