Le détonateur de la culture cinématographique allemande d’après-guerre : les rencontres cinématographiques franco-allemandes (1946-1953)

Cet article traite de quatre importantes rencontres cinématographiques qui eurent lieu à Titisee, Schluchsee, Bacharach et Lindau, en Allemagne, immédiatement après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, à l’initiative des autorités françaises d’Occupation. Ces manifestations, marquées par l’esprit de la Résistance, notamment animées par André Bazin et Chris Marker, exercèrent un rôle décisif dans le mouvement cinématographique allemand d’après-guerre, en particulier le mouvement des ciné-clubs, la création de revues de cinéma et de nouveaux festivals en Allemagne de l’ouest.This article discusses four important film encounters that took place at Titisee, Schluchsee, Bacharach and Lindau, in Germany, immediately after World War Two, at the instigation of the French occupation authorities. These events, influenced by the spirit of the Resistance, and involving André Bazin and Chris Marker, played a decisive role in post-war German film culture, especially the film club movement, and the creation of film journals and new festivals in West Germany

Romanian urology genesis

Universitatea Ovidius, Constanţa, România,Summary The Romanian urology society was formed in 14.oct.1909 at Coltea hospital in Bucharest and it was founded by prof.Petre Herescu. In 1934 had begun publishing Romanian urology journal. Our urology pioneers were general surgeons with a solid professional training. In present Romanian urology is able to resolve specific problems and is affiliated to all international scientific organizations

How the Behavior of Consumers and Firms Influences the Effectiveness of Policy Instruments Tackling Climate Change. Three Essays in Economics.

The thesis at hand seeks to improve the understanding of the impact of consumer and firm behavior on the effectiveness and efficiency of policy measures tackling climate change Therefore, the thesis includes three research papers on consumer and firm responses to energy efficiency and extraction behavior of firms owning non-renewable resources. Each paper, representing one chapter of this thesis, addresses one or more of the specific characteristics outlined above. Chapter 2 investigates the actual demand-reducing effect of energy efficiency measures and therein compares actual demand responses of consumers to technological potentials. Based on a demand system analysis of household data and by approximating unobserved energy awareness, economic and behavioral responses that counteract expected savings from energy efficiency are found. Results show strong rebound and even backfiring effects but also suggest heterogeneity of the effectiveness driven by behavioral concepts, such as sunk cost fallacy or habit formation. Understanding these can contribute to target-oriented policy designs and an increased effectiveness and efficiency of policies. In chapter 3, firm incentives to offer energy efficiency are investigated. Do firms in the energy retail market have incentives to voluntarily introduce energy efficiency? Or should informational regulation inform inattentive consumers? This chapter shows that consumer inattention and imperfect competition are the crucial drivers for firms decisions to introduce or conceal energy efficiency to costumers. Two symmetric equilibria exist: One in which both firms introduce energy efficiency and one in which both firms conceal energy efficiency. Which equilibrium firms coordinate on depends on the distribution of consumers that are attentive to energy efficiency and consumers that are not. Further, mandatory disclosure laws are found to be weakly welfare increasing. Chapter 4 extends the literature on empirical tests on the theory of non-renewable resources. This chapter extends the literature on tests of Hotelling's theory by conducting an implicit price behavior test, incorporating for the first time the concepts of market power and exploration into a single model. When applied to a newly constructed data set for the uranium mining industry, the null hypothesis of the firm optimizing inter-temporally as implied by Hotelling's theory is rejected in all settings. However, parameter estimates of the model still yield valuable information on cost structure, resource scarcity and market power. Results suggest that the shadow price of the resource in situ is comparably small at the beginning of the observations and is therefore potentially overshadowed by market power. However, even as the shadow price increases over time, firms still fail to incorporate it in their decision-making

Une larme sur la joue du temps : le Retour d’Henri Cartier-Bresson

En août 1944, le photographe Henri-Cartier Bresson qui a déjà filmé des événements de la libération de Paris, est chargé de se rendre en Allemagne par le Mouvement National des Prisonniers de Guerre et Déportés (MNPGD) pour réaliser un film sur les prisonniers et déportés récemment libérés par les armées alliées. Avec l’appui du commissariat aux Prisonniers, Déportés et Réfugiés et avec la collaboration du service d’information de guerre américain il peut partir en avril-juin 1945. Le film se distingue des actualités américaines sur les Personnes Déplacées car Cartier-Bresson poursuit un double objectif : pour répondre à la demande politique du MNPGD et au ministère des Prisonniers, Déportés et Réfugiés il doit mettre l’accent sur le fait que les presque 2 millions de Français en Allemagne sont pris en charge, soignés. Lui-même ancien déporté (et évadé), comme l’auteur du commentaire, Claude Roy et le musicien, Robert Lannoy, entend introduire des « contre-images » à valeur thérapeutique pour le public, montrant notamment que les déportés organisent la justice dans les camps libérés et montrer qu’ensuite, par centaines de milliers, ils se mettent en route de leur propre chef pour rentrer dans leurs pays d’origine.In August 1944, the photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson, having already filmed the liberation of Paris, is asked by the MNPGD (National Movement of Prisoners of War and Deportees) to go to Germany in order to make a film about prisoners of war and deportees recently liberated by the allied forces. With the support of the Commissariat for Prisoners, Deportees and Refugees, and the collaboration of the American war information service, Cartier-Bresson makes this trip in April-June 1945. The film distinguishes itself from the American newsreels about displaced persons, as Cartier-Bresson is pursuing two distinct objectives. In order to respond to the political demands of the MNPGD, and of the Ministry for Prisoners, Deportees and Refugees, he must highlight the fact that almost two million Frenchmen in Germany are being taken care of and looked after. As a former deportee (and fugitive) himself – along with the author of the commentary, Claude Roy, and the musician, Robert Lannoy – Cartier-Bresson wants to show the public “counter-images” of a therapeutic nature, which will demonstrate how the deportees organised a justice system in the liberated camps, and then set off, in their hundreds of thousands, on the route back to their countries of origin

Charakteristika regenerierender Muskelafferenzen nach Durchtrennung des Nervus gastrocnemius-soleus und Kreuzanastomose an den Nervus suralis

Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Entstehung neuropathischer Schmerzen nach peripherer Nervenschädigung in tiefem somatischem Gewebe. Es wurden funktionelle Eigenschaften des geschädigten Nervus gastrocnemius-soleus lateralis nach Kreuzanastomose an den Nervus suralis in festgelegten Zeitabstäönden nach der Läsion mit neurophysiologischen Mitteln an Ratten untersucht

Un film peut en cacher un autre. À propos des différentes versions du Cuirassé Potemkine et de la réapparition de la mise en musique d’Edmund Meisel

Le Cuirassé Potemkine d’Eisenstein connut, lors de sa distribution en Allemagne, un accompagnement musical dû au compositeur Edmund Meisel qui fit sensation et enthousiasma le réalisateur quand il put l’entendre. Cet accompagnement mythique, perdu puis retrouvé, donna lieu à des projections-concerts dans les dernières décennies. Cependant la découverte récente au Musée des techniques de Vienne de disques appartenant à la version sonorisée du film lors de sa ressortie en 1931 est un événement sans doute plus important : c’est Meisel lui-même qui reprit sa partition, introduisit des chœurs chantés par la troupe de Piscator, dans cette version « oubliée » du film dont on avait retranché les cartons pour en faire un film sonore. L’auteur retrace l’ensemble de la question des différentes versions du film et des différentes musiques qu’on lui adjoignit, question qui révèle bien d’autres enjeux que simplement musicaux : idéologiques, politiques, économiques.Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin, when shown in Germany, was accompanied by a musical composition by Edmund Meisel, which thrilled audiences and its director, upon hearing it. The rediscovery of this mythic accompaniment has given way to several silent film concerts over the past few decades. Yet, the recent unearthing at the Vienna Museum of Technology of records from the 1931 synchronized sound release is an even more important event. In this « forgotten » sound version of the film, whose subtitles had been removed, Meisel himself reworked his score and introduced choruses sung by the Piscator company. The author retraces the question of different film versions and their associated music, a question that reveals many other stakes beyond music : ideological, political, economic

A ZigBee/Wi-Fi Cooperative Channel Control Method and Its Prototyping

Coexistence between ZigBee and Wi-Fi technologies, which operate within the same frequency band, is increasing with the widespread use of the IoT (Internet of Things). ZigBee devices suffer significant decrease in the sink arrival rate of packets in the presence of Wi-Fi interference. To overcome this problem, many channel control methods have been proposed. These existing methods switch only ZigBee channels to avoid interference with Wi-Fi. In contrast, we propose a cooperative channel control method for improving ZigBee packet arrival rate by controlling both the Wi-Fi and ZigBee channels. Specifically, the proposed method not only controls ZigBee devices and channels but also requests a temporary pause in the use of specific Wi-Fi channels. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method from the viewpoints of ZigBee’s packet arrival rate and applications’ satisfaction using computer simulations. In addition, the effective action of the proposed method is also demonstrated by experiments with prototyping