To study the Hardness and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Composite Reinforced with Titanium Carbide & Graphite.

Metal matrix composites are widely used in components of various components of industrial equipment because of their superior material properties like high stiffness to weight ratio and high impact strength and fracture toughness while compared to the conventional material. Even if Al has good mechanical but reinforcement is needed in order to make the composite properties better. Aluminium is often used in the aerospace industry, which has increased concern for fatigue failure. A material can still fail, even though it experiences a force much less than its yield point. Aluminium has good mechanical properties but enhancing with filler metal will make the composite more harder and increase in strength. This research paper shows the mechanical properties of the aluminum composite after reinforced with various percentage of TiC and graphite through powder metallurgy method

Volcan de Fuego: A Machine Learning Approach in Understanding the Eruptive Cycles Using Precursory Tilt Signals

Volcan de Fuego is an active stratovolcano located in the Central Guatemalan segment of the 1100 m long Central America Volcanic Arc System (CAVAS). Fuego-Acatenango massif consists of at least four major vents of which the Fuego summit vent is the most active and the youngest member. The volcano exhibits primarily Strombolian and Vulcanian behavior along with occasional paroxysms and pyroclastic flows. Historically, Fuego has produced basaltic-andesitic rocks with more recent eruptions progressively trending towards maficity. Several studies have used short-term deployments of broadband seismometers, infrasound, and long-term remote sensing techniques to characterize the mechanism of Fuego. In our study, we analyze the tilt derived from transient broadband seismometers and tiltmeter stationed over several days during 2009, 2012, and 2015 near the summit crater using unsupervised learning. Unsupervised learning has the potential to play a significant role in monitoring volcanoes dominated by large, unlabeled datasets. In our study, we make use of dynamic time warping distance measure along with unsupervised classification methods to identify precursory tilt signals. The unsupervised classification revealed two types of tilt signals with opposite polarity, one of which confirms features identified in previous studies while the other signal has been previously unknown. Template matching implemented with the known signal identified 268 events between October 1, 2015, and January 13, 2016, the duration of which varied between 7 and 39 minutes. The temporal distribution of these events as well as the maximum amplitude of inflation showed clustering activity accompanied by intra-cluster waxing and waning. We created subsets of temporal clusters and calculated repose times between successive events. Auto-correlation functions were calculated for each subset and probability density functions were fitted which support survival/failure processes. The long-term tilt records provided a useful tool to characterize the activity and revealed a near-continuous cyclicity

Outcome Analysis in Ipsilateral Proximal Femur and Femoral Shaft Fractures treated by Intramedullary Nail and Plate Combinations: A Comparative study

INTRODUCTION: Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures are uncommon injuries encountered following high energy trauma. Despite availability of various treatment modalities, controversy exists regarding the optimal management of these fractures. This study compares the intramedullary nailing technique (reconstruction type or long proximal femur nail type) and various plate combinations type (dynamic hip screw with long side plate or combination of dynamic hip screw and compression plate) on the clinical, radiological and functional outcome in patients with these fractures. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study & compare the Clinical, Radiological and Functional outcome of Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures treated by two methods nailing/plating in our Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai during the period of March 2016 to September 2016. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess and study ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures with special reference to fracture anatomy and stability. 2. To assess the results obtained in the treatment of these fracture with intramedullary nail or extra medullary screw plate devices and to compare the results with previously done studies. 3. To evaluate the status of this technique and method with special emphasis on: a. Time for union, b. Assessment of complications, c. Functional outcome, d. Recovery duration after surgery. METHODS: 20 patients with Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures were operated by one of the two methods- Intramedullary nailing (Group I, 10 patients) and plate combinations (Group II, 10 patients) according to surgeon’s preference. The functional results of the patients were assessed with the system used by Friedman and Wyman. Radiological and functional assessment was done. RESULTS: The mean age was 49 years in group I and 38 years in group II. The average follow up was 14 months. The average union time in group I and group II for proximal femur fracture was 3.78 and 3.80 weeks and for femoral shaft fracture was 8.00 and 11.22 months respectively. 8 patients in group I and 7 patients in group II showed good functional results. Two patients needed re-surgery in group I and 3 patients in group II. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures can be treated satisfactorily either with intramedullary nailing or plate combinations with similar outcome

Investigation of steady incompressible flows in the vicinity of an airfoil

O-type body-fitted coordinate systems are numerically generated about NACA0012 and NACA4412 airfoils. These coordinate systems are used to effect a coordinate transformation from the physical plane to a rectangular transformed plane. The software developed also has a coordinate contraction capability. Plots of uncontracted and contracted coordinate systems are presented. The nonconservative, velocity-pressure formulation of the two-dimensional, steady-state Euler equations are transformed to the rectangular plane. The boundary conditions at the airfoil are determined by the source-panel method, following which, the explicit finite difference form of the transformed Euler equations are solved using a space-marching scheme. Non-lifting potential flow solutions are obtained for the aforementioned airfoils at 0 and ±16 angles of attack. Pressure and velocity distribution plots are presented for all cases

Stability analysis of visco-elastically damped structure through Bagley Torvik Equation

The stability of fractional-order visco-elastically damped linear system Bagley Torvik equation is analyzed in this paper. The fundamental novelty of this paper is the application of Caputo derivative. Prevailing sufficient spectral conditions are considered to guarantee the stability of linear models. Laplace transform, and Mittag-Leffler functions are utilized to develop the results. Furthermore, asymptotical stability of linear fractional-order models are also achieved through spectral values of the characteristic polynomials. Numerical examples are given to display the effectiveness of suggested method

Analysis of ITU-R Performance and Characterization of Ku Band Satellite Downlink Signals during Rainy Season over Chennai Region of India

In this paper, we present the analysis of Ku band Satellite signal reception during rainy season over Chennai region, India (Latitude: 12° 56' 60 N, Longitude: 80° 7' 60 E). We also examine the effectiveness of International Telecommunication Union – Radio communication (ITU-R) model in predicting the rainfall induced attenuation in Ku band, over this region. An improved Simulink model for Digital Video Broadcast – Satellite (DVB-S2) downlink channel incorporating rain attenuation and Cross Polarization Discrimination (XPD) effects is developed to study the rain attenuation effects, by introducing the experimental data in the ITU-R model pertaining to that region. Based on the improved model, a Monte Carlo simulation of the DVB–S2 signal link is carried out and the performance is analyzed by received constellation and Bit Error Rate (BER) parameters

Random walk based heuristic algorithms for distributed memory model checking

technical reportModel checking techniques suffer from the state space explosion problem: as the size of the system being verified increases, the total state space of the system increases exponentially. Some of the methods that have been devised to tackle this problem are partial order reduction, symmetry reduction, hash compaction, selective state caching, etc. One approach to the problem that has gained interest in recent years is the parallelization of model checking algorithms. A random walk on the state space has some nice properties, the most important of which is the fact that it lends itself to being parallelized in a natural way. Random walk is a low overhead and a partial search method. Breadth first search, on the other hand, is a high overhead and a full search technique. In this article, we propose various heuristic algorithms that combine random walks on the state space with bounded breadth first search in a parallel context. These algorithms are in the process of being incorporated into a distributed memory model checker

Investigation Of Aerodynamic Characteristics Of A Wing Model With Rgv Winglet

This work describes the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft model wing with RGV winglet. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study using ANSYS 15.0 is conducted to study the effect of the RGV winglet on a rectangular wing. The wing consists of 660 mm span and 121 mm chord length where the aspect ratio is 5.45. The NACA 65(3

Comparison of Friction among Low-friction Ligation, Conventional Ligation and Self-ligation with Conventional- Stainless Steel and Esthetic Brackets: An in vitro Study

Friction between the archwire and brackets is one of the major determinant of tooth movement in preadjusted edgewise appliance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differences in the frictional forces among low-friction ligation modules, conventional ligation and self-ligation systems with stainless brackets and ceramic brackets. Stainless steel (SS), Damon self-ligating and ceramic brackets of 0.022" × 0.028" slots 5 to 5 to represent the upper right to the upper left second bicuspid were used. Archwires used were 0.016" NiTi-straight length 18 cm long and 0.019" × 0.025" SS-straight length 18 cm long, and slide low-friction ligatures and alastik modules were used. The testing apparatus consisted of a friction-testing device, Instron universal testing instrument, load cell, signalamplifier and computer. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The mean values were compared by one-way ANOVA. Multiple range tests by Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference (HSD) procedures were employed to identify the significant groups if p-value in one-way ANOVA is significant by using statistical software. The results showed that conventional ligation exhibited higher fiction than low-friction and self-ligation with all the archwire-bracket combinations. Damon self-ligating system exhibited less friction than lowfriction ligation with lower archwires and higher friction with higher archwires

Analyzing the Impact of Genetic Parameters on Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm and Clustering Genetic Algorithm

Genetic Algorithms are stochastic randomized procedures used to solve search and optimization problems. Many multi-population and multi-objective Genetic Algorithms are introduced by researchers to achieve improved performance. Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGGA) and Clustering Genetic Algorithm (CGA) are of such kinds which are proved to perform better than Standard Genetic Algorithm (SGA). This paper compares the performance of both these algorithms by varying the genetic parameters. The results show that GGGA provides good solutions, even to large-sized problems in reasonable computation time compared to CGA and SGA. Keywords: Stochastic, randomized, multi-population, Gene Grouping Genetic Algorithm, Clustering Genetic Algorithm