Object Detection based on Region Decomposition and Assembly

Region-based object detection infers object regions for one or more categories in an image. Due to the recent advances in deep learning and region proposal methods, object detectors based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been flourishing and provided the promising detection results. However, the detection accuracy is degraded often because of the low discriminability of object CNN features caused by occlusions and inaccurate region proposals. In this paper, we therefore propose a region decomposition and assembly detector (R-DAD) for more accurate object detection. In the proposed R-DAD, we first decompose an object region into multiple small regions. To capture an entire appearance and part details of the object jointly, we extract CNN features within the whole object region and decomposed regions. We then learn the semantic relations between the object and its parts by combining the multi-region features stage by stage with region assembly blocks, and use the combined and high-level semantic features for the object classification and localization. In addition, for more accurate region proposals, we propose a multi-scale proposal layer that can generate object proposals of various scales. We integrate the R-DAD into several feature extractors, and prove the distinct performance improvement on PASCAL07/12 and MSCOCO18 compared to the recent convolutional detectors.Comment: Accepted to 2019 AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI

The equations of some dispersionless limit

This short article presents a table of new equations which can be regarded as the generalized equations of the dispersionless limit of several nonlinear equations. From the definition expressed in an algebraic formula, one can get an equation for any positive numbers p and q. The equations were calculated by using the computers and were examined by hand-calculation up to p=10. Relations with some dispersionless hierarchies are mentioned.Comment: AmSTeX, 6 pages, amsppt.st

The dynamically induced Fermi arcs and Fermi pockets in two dimensions: a model for underdoped cuprates

We investigate the effects of the dynamic bosonic fluctuations on the Fermi surface reconstruction in two dimensions as a model for the underdoped cuprates. At energies larger than the boson energy $\omega_b$, the dynamic nature of the fluctuations is not important and the quasi-particle dispersion exhibits the shadow feature like that induced by a static long range order. At lower energies, however, the shadow feature is pushed away by the finite $\omega_b$. The detailed low energy features are determined by the bare dispersion and the coupling of quasi-particles to the dynamic fluctuations. We present how these factors reconstruct the Fermi surface to produce the Fermi arcs or the Fermi pockets, or their coexistence. Our principal result is that the dynamic nature of the fluctuations, without invoking a yet-to-be-established translational symmetry breaking hidden order, can produce the Fermi pocket centered away from the $(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ towards the zone center which may coexist with the Fermi arcs. This is discussed in comparison with the experimental observations.Comment: Some comments and references were added and typos were corrected. The published version. 9 page

Identification of SNPs in TG and EDG1 genes and their relationships with carcass traits in Korean cattle (Hanwoo)

Thyroglobulin (TG) gene was known to be regulated fat cell growth and differentiation and the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (EDG1) gene involves blood vessel formation and known to be affecting carcass traits in beef cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both TG and EDG1 genes and to analyze the association with carcass traits in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The T354C SNP in TG gene located at the 3’ flanking region and c.-312A>G SNP located at 3’-UTR of EDG1 gene were used for genotyping the animals using PCR-RFLP method. Three genotypes were identified in T354C SNP in TG gene and only two AA and AG genotypes were observed for the c.-312A>G SNP in EDG1 gene. The results indicated that T354C SNP in TG gene was not significantly associated with carcass traits. However, the c.-312A>G SNP in EDG1 gene had significant effects on backfat thickness (BF) and yield index (YI). These results may provide valuable information for further candidate gene studies affecting carcass traits in Korean cattle and may use as marker assisted selection for improving the quality of meat in Hanwoo. Key words : TG, EDG1, Carcass traits, Hanwo

Empirical Examination Of Effects Of Web Assurance Seals On Perceived Level Of Assurance And Price Tolerance With A Focus Being Placed On CPA-Associated Seals

Since the emergence of electronic commerce (e-commerce), the trustworthiness of commercial web sites has been one of the most important, persistent, and interesting issues both in industry and academia. Not surprisingly, web assurance seals have attracted considerable attention among e-commerce vendors due to its potential role as a key factor in the formation of initial trust. However, recent evidence indicates that web assurance seals fail to enhance online purchasing behavior in spite of rosy promises from seal providers. This research examines the mechanism of perceived assurance level formulation through the use of web assurance seal, seeking possible answers to whether Certified Public Accountant (CPA)-associated seals have more effect on the perceived assurance levels than non-CPA-associated seals. As such, the success of web assurance seal is contingent on multiple factors including the attributes of the assurance seal providers, the perceived value of the seal, and the familiarity of the web assurance seal. Overall, this article contributes to both practice and research by shedding light on the largely ignored phenomenon, namely, of web assurance seal failure and by exploring fundamental factors affecting web assurance seal initiative’s success

Postponement for Designing Mass-Customized Supply Chains: Categorization and Framework for Strategic Decision Making

The concept of mass-customization has been suggested as the mandatory capability in the 21st century market place where customers individual need must be satisfied rather than the need of mass market. Postponement is a powerful methodology to achieve Cost-effective mass customization when applied in the scope of supply chain. There have been a number of literatures that employed postponement or reviewed postponement in a complex manner but not much on providing a simple framework practitioners can easily apply for establishing the level of implementing postponement to their supply chains. In this paper the classificationof the postponement in terms of level of implementation and the strategic decision framework for selecting the right postponement that considers realistic aspect of recent economy are presented

Design in support of playfulness

Playful environments can be conceived as landscapes able to support an individual’s internal sense of playfulness and its external manifestation. These environments cultivate a sense of place where recreational, therapeutic, and educational resources are merged based on the conviction that nature is a positive influence. This project explores how outdoor spaces encompass the built and natural world, convey a sense of connection to spatial ephemera and phenomena, and ultimately how space can become spaces for individuals. The project explores the notion of playfulness and the meaning it may acquire for design within landscape architecture. The study aims to positively contribute to making people’s lives more playful, joyful, and cheerful. It intends to touch people\u27s lives gently, improve their quality of life, and influence the way they build and view the world more positively. Throughout the thesis, drawing acts as a tool for noticing, linking, and wayfinding the relationship between individuals and space as well as structural and ephemeral elements in the landscape. Through drawing, the investigation examines the process of communicating powerful and meaningful experiences and conveys a personal aesthetic approach to the landscape moments

실제 식품에서 글리아딘 검출을 위한 금 나노입자 응집 기반 라벨프리 비색 압타센서 개발

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부, 2022. 8. 최영진.Gluten, composed of glutenin and gliadin, is an important raw material that determines the quality of wheat foods such as bread and pasta by giving dough viscoelasticity. However, gliadin in the gluten protein causes celiac disease and wheat allergens, which causes fatal damage to the small intestine, so many methods have been developed for the detection of gluten. The studied detection method has disadvantages that are difficult to use practically in the field due to complicated equipment, long time, and cost. In this paper, a label-free colorimetric aptasensor detection method that can detect gliadin in gluten, a cause of celiac disease, was developed in the field. Based on the salt-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles, it was detected using a gli4 aptamer that specifically recognizes gliadin. The pre-treatment process of gliadin was simplified to be suitable for the field by extracting it by dissolving it in 60% ethanol. For induction of salt aggregation of gold nanoparticles, gli4 aptamer, gliadin, and NaCl were each optimized in concentration and volume, as confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and electron transmission microscope (TEM), NaCl and gli4 aptamer concentrations were optimized to 120 mM and 125 nM, respectively. When detecting gliadin based on optimization, the linear curve range (0-120 mg/L) that meets the gluten-free standard (20 mg/L) within 70 min, and the detection limit is 10.5 mg/L (UV-Vis spectrophotometer) and 12 mg/L (colorimetric). In addition, as a selectivity test, the aptasensor was observed for other grain proteins (barley, oats, corn, and rice), and it was confirmed that it responded only to gliadin. To confirm the detection in real foods, ELISA and aptasensor were compared by spiking gliadin at any concentration into gluten-free foods (pasta, bread, and cookie), and it was shown that it could be detected below the gluten-free standard. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be applied in the food industry to gluten-sensitive allergen patients and environments that require verification of gluten-free food.글루테닌과 글리아딘으로 구성된 글루텐은 반죽에 점탄성을 부여하여 빵, 파스타 등 밀 식품의 품질을 결정짓는 중요한 원료이다. 그러나 글루텐 단백질의 글리아딘은 소장에 치명적인 손상을 주는 셀리악 병 및 밀 알러젠을 유발되며, 이를 검출하기 위해 많은 방법들이 개발되었다. 하지만 연구된 검출 방법들은 복잡한 장비, 긴 시간, 비용으로 인해 현장에서 실용적으로 사용되기 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀리악 병의 원인이 되는 글루텐에 존재하는 글리아딘을 현장에서 검출이 간편하고 장비가 필요 없이 육안으로 식별이 가능한 라벨 없는 압타센서 검출법을 개발하였다. 금나노입자의 염 유도 응집을 기반으로 글리아딘을 특이적으로 인식하는 gli4 압타머를 활용하였다. 글리아딘의 전처리 과정은 추출하는 과정으로 에탄올 60%에 용해시켜 추출함으로써 현장에 적합하게 간소화했다. 금 나노입자의 염 응집 유도를 위해 gli4 압타머, 글리아딘 및 NaCl은 각각의 농도, 부피를 최적화하여, 분광광도계 및 전자 투과현미경(TEM)을 통해 NaCl 및 gli4 압타머 농도는 각각 120 mM, 125 nM로 선정했다. 최적화를 기반으로 글리아딘 검출시, 70분 이내로 글루텐 프리 기준(20mg/L)에서 선형 구간(0-120 mg/L)과 검출 한계는 각각 10.5 mg/L (분광광도계), 12mg/L(비색)로 검출되었다. 선택성 실험을 통하여 다른 곡물 단백질(귀리, 옥수수, 쌀, 보리)에 대해 관찰하였고 압타센서는 글리아딘에만 반응하는 것을 확인했다. 실제 식품에서의 검출을 확인하기 위해, 글루텐 프리 식품(파스타, 빵, 쿠키)에 글리아딘을 스파이킹하여 ELISA와 압타센서를 비교하였고 글루텐 프리 기준 이하로 정량화할 수 있음을 확인했다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 식품산업에서 글루텐에 민감한 알러젠 환자 및 글루텐 프리 식품의 검증이 필요한 환경에 적용이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 6 Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 2.1. Materials 9 2.2. Instrumentation 9 2.3. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) 10 2.4. Optimization of detection condition 10 2.4.1. Measurement of the absorbance 10 2.4.2. Optimization of NaCl concentrations 11 2.4.3. Optimization of gli4 aptamer concentrations 12 2.5. Detection of gliadin 12 2.6. Selectivity of the colorimetric aptasensor of gliadin 13 2.7. Validation of gliadin detection in real foods 14 2.8. Statistical analysis 15 Ⅲ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16 3.1. Overall detection procedures 16 3.2. Optimization of detection condition 21 3.2.1. Optimization of NaCl concentrations 21 3.2.2. Optimization of gli4 aptamer concentrations 26 3.3. Detection of gliadin 31 3.4. Selectivity of the colorimetric aptasensor of gliadin 37 3.5. Validation of gliadin detection in real foods 39 CONCLUSION 42 REFERENCES 44 국문초록 49석