The marketization of poverty

Increasingly, transnational corporations (TNCs) see themselves, and are seen by multilateral development organizations and national governments, as part of the solution to global poverty alleviation. Guided by C. K. Prahalad's theories about the "bottom of the pyramid" (BoP), TNCs are developing products and services for the billions of people living on a few dollars a day that are supposed to enable these poor people to enterprise themselves out of poverty. In the process, poverty and the poor are made amenable to market interventions by being constituted as a potential new market for TNCs. Hewlett-Packard's (HP's) e-Inclusion program was the first corporate-wide BoP initiative in the high-tech industry that aimed to create corporate and social benefits. An analysis of its companyinternal evolution from an intrapreneurial initiative to a fully incorporated business operation is complemented by a study of e-Inclusion's activities in Costa Rica, which aimed to improve the lives of rural Costa Ricans by providing access to HP technology and by creating new sources of income for electronic entrepreneurs. However, transforming the poor into protoconsumers of TNC products and services cannot address the structural drivers of their circumstances and will lead to neither the eradication of poverty nor a corporate fortune at the BoP. © 2011 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved

Incorporated citizens: multinational high-tech companies and the BoP

In this article, I examine HP’s e-Inclusion program and its implementation in India to show how the high-tech industry’s efforts to alleviate poverty profitably are guided by C. K. Prahalad’s ideas about the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP), and are framed as digital corporate citizenship activities. While the BoP highlights the importance of new markets for high-tech companies, the discourse of digital corporate citizenship creates an enabling environment in which transnational high-tech companies can gain political access to new consumers at the BoP. The resulting digital corporate citizenship/BoP nexus leads to the extension of governments’ bureaucratic reach and the formation of electronic entrepreneurs

Taking Prahalad high-tech: the emergence and evolution of global corporate citizenship in the IT industry

In this paper, I analyse the emergence and evolution of e-Inclusion, HP’s flagship global corporate citizenship programme, as a landmark in the history of corporate citizenship in the IT industry. This programme, which existed from 2000 to 2005, was the first explicit attempt by a major high-tech company to operationalise the theories of C.K. Prahalad, by implementing a direct and an indirect bottom-of-the-pyramid (bop) strategy. The first led to the development of pilot programmes that worked directly with the rural poor to test bop products, services and business models and to create new sources of income for project participants. The second strategy saw e-Inclusion establish collaborations with public-sector organisations which until then had been peripheral to HP’s business, but were recognised as vital for e-Inclusion’s operations and HP’s emerging market success. I argue that important lessons can be drawn from this flagship corporate citizenship programme, which can make current IT initiatives more sustainable and meaningful

New media practices in India: bridging past and future, markets and development

This article provides a review of the academic and popular literature on new media practices in India, focusing on the country’s youth's use of mobile phones and the Internet, as well as new media prosumption. One particular feature of the Indian case is the confluence of commercial exploitation of new media technologies and their application for development purposes in initiatives that aim to bring these technologies to marginalized segments of the Indian population. Technology usage in turn is shaped by the socioeconomic location of the user, especially in regards to gender and caste. The potential of new media technologies to subvert such social stratifications and associated norms has inspired much public debate, which is often carried out on the Internet, giving rise to an online public sphere. In all of the writings reviewed here, the tension surrounding new media technologies as a meeting place of the old and the new in India is paramount

Designing urban women’s safety: an empirical study of inclusive innovation through a gender transformation lens

This article analyzes the use of human-centered design to make urban areas safer for marginalized women. Through an empirical investigation of Amplify, the UK Department for International Development’s (DFID) flagship innovation program, I ask to what extent design as a particular inclusive innovation strategy can result in gender-transformative urban safety development. I argue that, on the one hand, the projects supported by Amplify reinforced instrumentalized notions of women’s economic empowerment, while on the other they enabled forward-looking approaches such as the inclusion of men in antiviolence programs. Ultimately, Amplify’s support for mainly small-scale, individualized and technical solutions, which resulted from its use of human-center design, prevented more transformative changes to emerge. At the same time, there are opportunities to “design in” spaces for more structural interventions

Improving the New Graduate Nurse Residency Program Through Enhanced Preceptor Education

New graduate nurse residency programs\u27 primary function is to provide new graduates with clinical experience and bridge the gap between student and competent registered nurse (Walsh, 2018). While the focus of these programs is on teaching new graduates, a gap in practice has been identified when it comes to the education of the nurses that are training these new graduates. The purpose of this program evaluation was to increase preceptor feelings of preparedness for the precepting role, as well as increase preceptor education attendance rates to at least 50% of eligible nurses. This was a program evaluation with a pre-/post-test design that evaluated the impact of preceptor education in 10 registered nurses. Participants submitted surveys to evaluate their feelings of support and preparedness for their educator roles before and after the educational presentation. There was a statistically significant increase in post-education scores (M=11.2, SD=2.15) when compared to pre-education scores (M=6.6, SD=2.8); t(9) = -5.81, p=0.00025597. Furthermore, 100% of respondents had a higher total score on the post-survey than the pre-survey with a mean difference of +4.6 points +/-2.5 (SD), indicating that they felt more supported and prepared to act as preceptors after the education. By offering a preceptor education curriculum that is easily accessible, organizations will see increased attendance rates and therefore higher feelings of support and preparedness from nurse preceptors. These preceptors will then be able to teach and empower new RNs on their journey to practice, offering a smoother and safer transition to professional independence, and decreasing burnout rates and turnover costs to the healthcare organization (Trepanier et al., 2012)

Iterate, experiment, prototype

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How to Evaluate the Practical Relevance of Business Process Compliance Checking Approaches?

To comply with legal regulations becomes a more and more challenging task for companies of all industry sectors. In particular business processes have to comply with legal requirements. Its checking and control lead to tedious tasks for compliance managers. In order to reduce the compliance management effort special checking approaches have been developed that enable an automatic check of processes regarding their compliance with laws and regulations. Until now, these approaches appear in research but lack in practical evaluation. To close this gap an evaluation method based on the technology acceptance model and focus group sessions as well as its application is presented in this paper

Leaving no-one behind? Informal economies, economic inclusion, and Islamic extremism in Nigeria

This article examines how the Post-2015 commitment to economic inclusion affects informal economic actors in developing countries. It highlights the selective dynamics of inclusive market models which generate new processes of exclusion in which the most vulnerable continue to be left behind. The case of Nigeria reveals how inclusive market initiatives reinforce parallel processes of informalization, poverty and Islamic extremism in the north of the country. Fieldwork in northern Nigeria shows that inclusive initiatives are intensifying competitive struggles within the informal economy in which stronger actors are crowding out poorer, less educated and migrant actors, exacerbating disaffection and vulnerability to radicalization