Linearizing the Word Problem in (some) Free Fields

We describe a solution of the word problem in free fields (coming from non-commutative polynomials over a commutative field) using elementary linear algebra, provided that the elements are given by minimal linear representations. It relies on the normal form of Cohn and Reutenauer and can be used more generally to (positively) test rational identities. Moreover we provide a construction of minimal linear representations for the inverse of non-zero elements.Comment: 22 pages, slightly updated, accepted in IJA

From Popular Pilgrimage Festival to State Monastic Performance – The Politics of Cultural Production at Gomphu Kora, East Bhutan

In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wurde der buddhistische Pilgerort Gomphu Kora in eine touristische Hauptattraktion im Osten Bhutans transformiert. Das dort jährlich stattfindende Volksfest war bekannt dafür, dass es verschiedene ethno-linguistische Gruppen auf beiden Seiten der Landesgrenze zwischen Ost-Bhutan und Indien anzog. Pilger und Händleraus der Grenzregion sowie Ortsansässige waren aktiv durch sozialen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Austausch und an der Aufführung von Volkstänzen und -gesängen beteiligt. Dieses Kapitel untersucht neuere Entwicklungen kultureller Produktion in Gomphu Kora, und wie die Erfindung von Tradition durch staatlichen Tourismus und durch lokale Autoritäten des zum Teil klerikalen Verwaltungsapparats orchestriert wurde. Es wird untersucht, wie das ehemalige Volks- und Pilgerfest in eine generische und klösterliche Staatsaufführung umgestaltet wurde, die viel von ihrem ursprünglichen, populären Charakter verloren hat

India - Censorship for a Good Cause?

Information technology (IT) companies face significant censorship challenges in countries such as China and India. This case deals with the ethical issues associated with government censorship, and specifically whether corporations that comply with such censorship are complicit in violating basic human rights. The context is India, and the case provides a summary of relevant cultural and legal issues in this very turbulent country

A Social Connection Approach to Corporate Responsibility: The Case of the Fast-Food Industry and Obesity

Corporate responsibility for consumption-related issues has been on the business ethics agenda for several decades. However, some recent consumption-related issues, such as obesity, differ qualitatively from the traditional product liability cases. This study proposes an alternative responsibility concept, referred to as the social connection corporate responsibility (CR). A detailed conceptualization of a social connection CR is presented and subsequently contrasted with the liability approach to CR. Then, a social connection logic to the case of obesity is applied followed by an examination of how fast-food chains are socially connected to obesity, and of what kind of responsibilities such a social connection implies

Nokia Siemens Networks: Just Doing Business – or Supporting an Oppressive Regime?

This case study examines the relevance of taking social and political factors into consideration when a corporation is making a key business decision. In September 2009, Simon Beresford-Wylie, the outgoing CEO of Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN), was reviewing the company’s achievements — while acknowledging the latest public criticism regarding NSN’s business relationship with the Iranian government. In the summer of 2009, NSN was accused of complicity in human rights violations linked to Iran’s presidential election. The company sold network infrastructure and software solutions to the Iranian government, which then used this technology to observe, block, and control domestic communications. Should NSN have acted differently? Students are asked to examine the economic and moral arguments for and against selling products to an oppressive regime that might then use those products to violate human rights. In such a case, does the corporation bear co-responsibility for human rights violations committed by an oppressive regime

Roche’s Clinical Trials with Organs from Prisoners: Does Profit Trump Morals?

This case study discusses the economic, legal, and ethical considerations for conducting clinical trials in a controversial context. In 2010, pharmaceutical giant Roche received a shame award by the Swiss non-governmental organization Berne Declaration and Greenpeace for conducting clinical trials with organs taken from executed prisoners in China. The company respected local regulations and industry ethical standards. However, medical associations condemned organs from executed prisoners on moral grounds. Human rights organizations demanded that Roche ended its clinical trials in China immediately. Students are expected to review the economic and ethical issues regarding the outsourcing of clinical trials to controversial human rights contexts, and discuss how to make business decisions when there are conflicts between making profit and ethical considerations. Was Roche complicit in the human rights violations that were related to its clinical trials? Future patients might benefit from these clinical trials. Do profit and the greater good, in general, trump morals