The Sociocultural Implications of Emergency Evacuation among Members of the Hatchet Lake First Nation

Almost every year, Aboriginal communities are evacuated from northern regions of Canada to nearby cities because of threats due to forest fires and flooding. In this thesis, I present the perspectives of twenty members of the Hatchet Lake First Nation, who were evacuated from Wollaston Lake in northern Saskatchewan during the summer of 2011. My main research question is, how do residents of Wollaston Lake describe experiences of disruptions to well-being and distress during the evacuation and in the evacuation centers? My methods are qualitative, as I conducted open-ended interviews and participant observation while residing in the community for six weeks during the summer of 2012. Following the approaches of Geertz (2000), Garro (2000), and Mattingly (1998), I engaged in a narrative analysis of these data. Three main themes are evident in community members’ discussions of their experiences. First, participants focus on the ways that the fire and displacement disrupted the well-being of fellow community members and, to a lesser degree, their relationships with the land surrounding their town, and their roles within the community. Residents of Wollaston Lake portray a version of well-being that is rooted in the social, rather than individual, self. The second theme relates to family roles, as mothers, fathers, adult children, and guardians describe the various ways that these roles were disrupted during the fire and evacuation, and the distress elicited by these disruptions. These narratives are indicative of the discrepancies between the circumstances experienced during the fire and evacuation, and the values and behaviors that they associate with family roles. The third theme relates to expectations and blame, as community members recall the various ways that the evacuation failed to meet their expectations, and they attribute blame to those that they deem responsible for these inadequacies. Specifically, community members focus on expectations relating to the handling of the threat of fire, the organization of the evacuation, and their interactions with members of the host communities. These findings indicate the incongruities between current emergency management practices in Saskatchewan and the needs of this community. The implication of these findings is that, in order to minimize distress during future disasters, organizers must develop plans that account for the distinct social norms and vulnerabilities of the communities with which they work

Linkages Between the Phenologies of Jack Pine \u3ci\u3e(Pinus Banksiana)\u3c/i\u3e Foliage and Jack Pine Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

A field study conducted in 2001 and 2002 in the Michigan Upper Peninsula investigated seasonal associations between the development of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., and larvae of the jack pine budworm Choristoneura pinus Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). There was almost no active relationship between post-diapause emerging second instars and elongation of vegetative shoots. Early instars were not closely synchronized with the flushing of current-year needle fascicles, which is required to optimize larval feeding. How- ever, there were close feeding and shelter relationships between early instars and year-2 pollen cone development. Associations with, and larval damage to, year-2 seed cones were dependent upon larval population size and posed only minimal and periodic threats to jack pine seed production. As a consequence, early instar jack pine budworm relied almost exclusively on pollen cones for survival. Third to fifth instars vacated pollen cones as soon as they became desiccated. Only then did these larvae start close associations with vegetative shoots. First, they excised partially emerged needles at their base, and when the needle-pairs completely escaped their fascicle sheath, the larvae fed routinely on the complete needle lamina. Late instars, pupae and adults were associated with previous years’ and current-year foliage without any apparent bias. This study has shown that it might be more practical to time insecticide strategies, which are intended to manage jack pine budworm larvae, to the tree’s phenology rather than jack pine budworm larval indices

Leonhard Baldner – Zu seinem Testament und Nachlassverzeichnis

Cette contribution présente deux documents provenant des Archives Municipales de Strasbourg qui ont disparu là-bas depuis longtemps et que l’on retrouve maintenant dans des collections privées. Il s’agit en premier lieu du testament du pêcheur et magistrat strasbourgeois Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694) qui est connu pour ses études de la faune locale du Rhin Supérieur (livre sur les oiseaux, poissons et animaux). En deuxième lieu, elle concerne l’inventaire des biens réalisé après sa mort par l’étude du notaire Johannes Kitsch. Les deux documents mettent en évidence que Leonhard Baldner n’était pas – tel qu’il est peint de façon romancée dans la littérature – un pauvre et simple pêcheur avec un talent particulier pour l’observation de la nature. Il apparait de manière claire qu’il était un membre très apprécié de la corporation des pêcheurs, un bourgeois aisé et érudit ainsi qu’un père de famille attentionné. Il fut en mesure de laisser à son épouse et à ses enfants un patrimoine considérable. De plus ces documents nous apprennent la date, jusqu’à présent inconnue, de son décès : le 1er février 1694.This contribution analyses two documents, orginally part of the Municipal Archives of Strasbourg, but now to be found in private collections. The former is the testament of the Strasbourg fisherman and magistrate Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694) who has become famous for his studies on the local wildlife of the upper Rhine valley (birds, fish and game). The latter concerns the inventory of his properties drafted by the office of the local notary, Johannes Kitsch. Both documents show very clearly that -contrary to the fictional way he is usually portrayed in literature- he was not an ordinary fisherman with a gift for nature study, but a highly valued member of the fishermen‘s corporation, a wealthy, learned citizen and a considerate father. He bequeathed a considerable legacy to his wife and chidren. Moreover we thereby discover the date -so far unknown- of his death, February 1st, 1694.Der Beitrag stellt zwei Dokumente aus dem Straßburger Stadtarchiv vor, die dort vor langer Zeit verschwunden sind und in den Besitz von privaten Sammlern gelangten. Es handelt sich zum einen um das Testament des Straßburger Fischers und Ratsherrn Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694), der durch seine Arbeiten über die Lokalfauna des Oberrheins bekannt wurde (Vogel-, Fisch- und Thierbuch). Zum anderen geht es um das nach seinem Tod im Notariat von Johannes Kitsch erstellte Nachlassverzeichnis. Beide Dokumente zeigen, dass Leonhard Baldner nicht - wie häufig in der Literatur romantisierend angegeben - der arme und einfache Fischer mit einer exzellenten Gabe zur Naturbeobachtung war. Vielmehr wird verdeutlicht, dass Leonhard Baldner als ein hochgeehrtes Mitglied der Straßburger Fischerzunft auch ein wohlsituierter, gebildeter Bürger sowie ein fürsorglicher Familienvater war. Er konnte daher seiner Ehefrau und seinen Kindern einen stattlichen Besitz hinterlassen. Außerdem ist aus den Dokumenten der bisher unbekannte Todestag Leonhard Baldners zu ersehen (1. Februar 1694)

Leonhard Baldner – Zu seinem Testament und Nachlassverzeichnis

Cette contribution présente deux documents provenant des Archives Municipales de Strasbourg qui ont disparu là-bas depuis longtemps et que l’on retrouve maintenant dans des collections privées. Il s’agit en premier lieu du testament du pêcheur et magistrat strasbourgeois Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694) qui est connu pour ses études de la faune locale du Rhin Supérieur (livre sur les oiseaux, poissons et animaux). En deuxième lieu, elle concerne l’inventaire des biens réalisé après sa mort par l’étude du notaire Johannes Kitsch. Les deux documents mettent en évidence que Leonhard Baldner n’était pas – tel qu’il est peint de façon romancée dans la littérature – un pauvre et simple pêcheur avec un talent particulier pour l’observation de la nature. Il apparait de manière claire qu’il était un membre très apprécié de la corporation des pêcheurs, un bourgeois aisé et érudit ainsi qu’un père de famille attentionné. Il fut en mesure de laisser à son épouse et à ses enfants un patrimoine considérable. De plus ces documents nous apprennent la date, jusqu’à présent inconnue, de son décès : le 1er février 1694.This contribution analyses two documents, orginally part of the Municipal Archives of Strasbourg, but now to be found in private collections. The former is the testament of the Strasbourg fisherman and magistrate Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694) who has become famous for his studies on the local wildlife of the upper Rhine valley (birds, fish and game). The latter concerns the inventory of his properties drafted by the office of the local notary, Johannes Kitsch. Both documents show very clearly that -contrary to the fictional way he is usually portrayed in literature- he was not an ordinary fisherman with a gift for nature study, but a highly valued member of the fishermen‘s corporation, a wealthy, learned citizen and a considerate father. He bequeathed a considerable legacy to his wife and chidren. Moreover we thereby discover the date -so far unknown- of his death, February 1st, 1694.Der Beitrag stellt zwei Dokumente aus dem Straßburger Stadtarchiv vor, die dort vor langer Zeit verschwunden sind und in den Besitz von privaten Sammlern gelangten. Es handelt sich zum einen um das Testament des Straßburger Fischers und Ratsherrn Leonhard Baldner (1612-1694), der durch seine Arbeiten über die Lokalfauna des Oberrheins bekannt wurde (Vogel-, Fisch- und Thierbuch). Zum anderen geht es um das nach seinem Tod im Notariat von Johannes Kitsch erstellte Nachlassverzeichnis. Beide Dokumente zeigen, dass Leonhard Baldner nicht - wie häufig in der Literatur romantisierend angegeben - der arme und einfache Fischer mit einer exzellenten Gabe zur Naturbeobachtung war. Vielmehr wird verdeutlicht, dass Leonhard Baldner als ein hochgeehrtes Mitglied der Straßburger Fischerzunft auch ein wohlsituierter, gebildeter Bürger sowie ein fürsorglicher Familienvater war. Er konnte daher seiner Ehefrau und seinen Kindern einen stattlichen Besitz hinterlassen. Außerdem ist aus den Dokumenten der bisher unbekannte Todestag Leonhard Baldners zu ersehen (1. Februar 1694)

Second Quantization of the Wilson Loop

Treating the QCD Wilson loop as amplitude for the propagation of the first quantized particle we develop the second quantization of the same propagation. The operator of the particle position $\hat{\cal X}_{\mu}$ (the endpoint of the "open string") is introduced as a limit of the large $N$ Hermitean matrix. We then derive the set of equations for the expectation values of the vertex operators \VEV{ V(k_1)\dots V(k_n)} . The remarkable property of these equations is that they can be expanded at small momenta (less than the QCD mass scale), and solved for expansion coefficients. This provides the relations for multiple commutators of position operator, which can be used to construct this operator. We employ the noncommutative probability theory and find the expansion of the operator $\hat{\cal X}_\mu$ in terms of products of creation operators $a_\mu^{\dagger}$. In general, there are some free parameters left in this expansion. In two dimensions we fix parameters uniquely from the symplectic invariance. The Fock space of our theory is much smaller than that of perturbative QCD, where the creation and annihilation operators were labelled by continuous momenta. In our case this is a space generated by $d = 4$ creation operators. The corresponding states are given by all sentences made of the four letter words. We discuss the implication of this construction for the mass spectra of mesons and glueballs.Comment: 41 pages, latex, 3 figures and 3 Mathematica files uuencode

A Nonabelian Yang-Mills Analogue of Classical Electromagnetic Duality

The classic question of a nonabelian Yang-Mills analogue to electromagnetic duality is here examined in a minimalist fashion at the strictly 4-dimensional, classical field and point charge level. A generalisation of the abelian Hodge star duality is found which, though not yet known to give dual symmetry, reproduces analogues to many dual properties of the abelian theory. For example, there is a dual potential, but it is a 2-indexed tensor $T_{\mu\nu}$ of the Freedman-Townsend type. Though not itself functioning as such, $T_{\mu\nu}$ gives rise to a dual parallel transport, $\tilde{A}_\mu$, for the phase of the wave function of the colour magnetic charge, this last being a monopole of the Yang-Mills field but a source of the dual field. The standard colour (electric) charge itself is found to be a monopole of $\tilde{A}_\mu$. At the same time, the gauge symmetry is found doubled from say $SU(N)$ to $SU(N) \times SU(N)$. A novel feature is that all equations of motion, including the standard Yang-Mills and Wong equations, are here derived from a `universal' principle, namely the Wu-Yang (1976) criterion for monopoles, where interactions arise purely as a consequence of the topological definition of the monopole charge. The technique used is the loop space formulation of Polyakov (1980).Comment: We regret that, due to a technical hitch, parts of the reference list were mixed up. This is the corrected version. We apologize to the authors whose papers were misquote

Texas Review of Law & Politics

Biannual journal containing articles, notes, book reviews, and other analyses of politics and law in the United States. Articles in this issue relate to health care reform failure, Somali pirates, ideological exclusions, compulsory process, confronting the specter of political branch dereliction of duty, public-interest litigation, Theory of Judicial review, and Judicial elections and recusal after Caperton