The Motives for Moral Credit

To deserve credit for doing what is morally right, we must act from the right kinds of motives. Acting from the right kinds of motives involves responding both to the morally relevant reasons, by acting on these considerations, and to the morally relevant individuals, by being guided by appropriate attitudes of regard for them. Recent theories of the right kinds of motives have tended to prioritize responding to moral reasons. I develop a theory that instead prioritizes responding to individuals (through appropriate attitudes of regard for them) and argue that it better accounts for the basic features of the right kinds of motives – what we most fundamentally care about in judging whether persons deserve moral credit

The Rhetorical Implications of Clementia in Cicero’s Caesarian Speeches

Cicero’s Caesarian speeches were delivered in 46-45 B.C. to Caesar after his victories in the Civil War. Caesar faced a number of critical issues as he dealt with the political and social aftermath of the years after 49 B.C., including what to do with the supporters of his enemies. Cicero, preeminent orator and a key political, was well-placed to speak on behalf of these individuals. Clementia, as an intrinsic theme, impinges upon social, political, and linguistic spheres and became a nexus for anxieties and manipulation between the senatorial and plebian orders. This research compares and contrasts the understanding, presentation, and use of clementia in these speeches, in a discussion set within the social, political, and linguistic contexts that lend this word its powerful significance. It is clear that clementia becomes a point of negotiation of power for Caesar and Cicero alike, the one asserting his political dominance, the other speaking as the social conscience of Rome

Side Effects and the Structure of Deliberation

There is a puzzle about the very possibility of foreseen but unintended side effects, and solving this puzzle requires us to revise our basic picture of the structure of practical deliberation. The puzzle is that, while it seems that we can rationally foresee, but not intend, bringing about foreseen side effects, it also seems that we rationally must decide to bring about foreseen side effects and that we intend to do whatever we decide to do. I propose solving this puzzle by rejecting the idea that we intend to do whatever we decide to do. My solution involves taking account of the underappreciated role that qualified intentions play in deliberation. I also argue that this solution fares better than those that instead reject the idea that we rationally must decide to bring about foreseen side effects, for these solutions are committed to rejecting the even more compelling idea that decisions rationally serve as the conclusions of practical deliberation

The prognostic value of cortical magnetic stimulation in acute middle cerebral artery infarction compared to other parameters

The prognostic value of magnetic evoked potentials (MEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), age and radiological parameters was determined in 50 patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction. We performed MEP and SSEP within 4 days and after 6 weeks and 3 months of the infarction and assessed clinical improvement by using the Barthel index (BI) and the Rankin scale. The localization and extent of the infarction was investigated by CT scanning or NMR. All parameters were correlated to clinical outcome and the prognostic significance of each parameter in addition to BI was determined. MEP, SSEP, and age were valuable prognostic parameters in predicting stroke outcome when used together with the BI. However, in stepwise regression analysis using all parameters simultaneously, only MEP and age significantly contributed to clinical outcome in addition to BI. Patients showed a better outcome when their MEP was normal or delayed, measured within 4 days of the infarction, compared to patients with absent MEP. Clinical outcome was better at a younger age

Is Intrinsic or Extrinsic Motivation More Effective with Elementary Students?

The purpose of this action research project was to determine what motivational strategy was more effective with elementary students between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students in a special education setting were taught a motivational strategy for a month prior to it being implemented and data collected. Then the data was collected through qualitative observations and quantitative scores based off the students specific disruptions. Analysis of the data collected suggests that while both strategies are an effective way to promote positive behavior, intrinsic motivation is the more effective form of motivation used in the classroom

Is Intrinsic or Extrinsic Motivation More Effective with Elementary Students?

The purpose of this action research project was to determine what motivational strategy was more effective with elementary students between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students in a special education setting were taught a motivational strategy for a month prior to it being implemented and data collected. Then the data was collected through qualitative observations and quantitative scores based off the students specific disruptions. Analysis of the data collected suggests that while both strategies are an effective way to promote positive behavior, intrinsic motivation is the more effective form of motivation used in the classroom

CONTRACT FINISHING FOR NEW ENTRANTS IN PORK PRODUCTION

The pork production industry is a far different industry today than it was fifty, twenty, or even five years ago. On diversified Midwestern farms during the mid-to-late 20th century, the swine enterprise was labeled "the mortgage lifter". The hogs added value to home-produced feedstuffs such as corn and increased the income from a given acreage base. As farm mechanization and technology rapidly developed, farms became larger and less diversified as livestock disappeared from many farmsteads. In this paper, we address the question whether swine units can be introduced to non-livestock farms via a coordinated agreement for the grower-finisher phase and make these farms more profitable. To do this, we first describe some of the changes that have taken place in the pork industry. Second, production contracts and grower payments are introduced. Next, we move on to issues of manure management and the value of manure to non-livestock farms. Finally, in the Appendix, financial analyses for sample contract finishing contracts are laid out to help farmers determine if contract finishing could benefit their farming operations.Livestock Production/Industries,