La filosofía del Río de la Plata

En este artículo analizo algunos de los motivos que han dificultado el desarrollo de una literatura filosófica en lengua castellana. A partir de los lineamientos propuestos por Ortega y Gasset en las Meditaciones del Quijote, el artículo se centra en la experiencia de la filosofía en la Argentina y en la autopercepción del español como una lengua no apta para el gnénero filosófico. De ese modo, el artículo desarrolla uno de los objetivos generales de mi proyecto de investigación, i.e., el análisis del vínculo entre una lengua que posee 'auctoritas' (el alemán, el latín, el inglés, el francés) y una lengua considerada filosóficamente menor (el toscano dantesco o, en este caso, el español). Este artículo puede leerse en relación con otros dos trabajos de mi producción: por un lado, 'I due volti della Modernità: solipsismo vs. storiografia in Ortega y Gasset', escrito en italiano sobre la concepción historiográfica de Ortega, y, por otro lado, 'Escribir filosofía en una lengua sin tradición filosófica. El problema de la lengua en los orígenes de la Modernidad', con especial atención a sus conclusiones.Fil: Perez Carrasco, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Writing philosophy in a language with no philosophical tradition: the language question at the origins of Modernity

En este artículo se analizan algunos de los motivos que llevaron a la adopción de las lenguas vernáculas como lenguas filosóficas entre los siglos XIV y XVII en Francia e Italia. El artículo pone el foco en el Discours de la méthode (1637) de Descartes, el Dialogo delle lingue (1542) de Sperone Speroni y el Convivio (circa 1304-1307) de Dante Alighieri. Estas tres obras no sólo han optado por escribir filosofía en una lengua sin tradición filosófica, sino que han argumentado filosóficamente en favor de esa decisión. El artículo expone y analiza esos argumentos.This article analyzes some of the reasons that led to the adoption of vernacular languages as philosophical languages between the 14th and 17th centuries in France and Italy. The article focuses on Descartes’s Discours de la méthode (1637), Sperone Speroni’s Dialogo delle lingue (1542) and Dante Alighieri’s Convivio (circa 1304-1307). The three works not only chose to write philosophy in a language with no philosophical tradition, but also offered a philosophical rationale for this decision. The article exposes and analyzes that set of arguments.Fil: Perez Carrasco, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Centro de Estudios de Filosofía Medieval; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

La metamorfosis de Dante como un nuevo Orfeo (‘Convivio’II, I, 3)

In Convivio II i 3 Dante espone il metodo mediante il quale le sue canzoni filosofiche debbono venire interpretate. Il brano presenta un’allegoria che caratterizza la figura di Orfeo come un «savio uomo» che, grazie al potere delle parole, sarebbe riuscito a fondare l’ordine politico facendo sì che gli uomini abbandonassero la vita selvaggia per condurre una «vita di scienza e d’arte». L’articolo propone un’interpretazione del progetto filosofico-poetico del Convivio che muove da l’identificazione allegorica tra Dante e Orfeo. Dante sarebbe appunto quel «savio uomo» che insegna qual è il vero fine dell’essere umano (la sua ‘nobiltade’), e che, grazie alla sua traduzione della filosofia in volgare rende possibile che tutti gli uomini, anche quelli che per contingenti motivi storici e sociali erano rimasti frustrati nel loro desiderio di sapere, possano ora compiere il proprio fine naturale. La proposta di lettura qui presentata si sviluppa in dialogo con André Pézard, Roger Dragonetti ed Enrico Fenzi.In Convivio II I 3 Dante shows the method by which he will interpret his own philosophical songs. He presents an allegory that identifies Orpheus with «lo savio uomo» who by the strength of his voice would have founded the political order, making men abandon their previous wildlife and adopt a «vita di scienza e d’arte». The article proposes an interpretation of the philosophical-poetic project of the Convivio that defends an allegorical identification between Dante and Orpheus. Dante would be the wise man showing what is the true end of man (his nobiltade) and, thanks to Convivio’s translation of philosophy into vulgar, he makes possible that those men who due to contingent socio-historical reasons were frustrated in their desire to know, could now accomplish their own natural end. Our interpretation is deployed in dialogue with André Pézard, Roger Dragonetti and Enrico Fenzi.Fil: Perez Carrasco, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Intrinsic noise profoundly alters the dynamics and steady state of morphogen-controlled bistable genetic switches

During tissue development, patterns of gene expression determine the spatial arrangement of cell types. In many cases, gradients of secreted signaling molecules - morphogens - guide this process. The continuous positional information provided by the gradient is converted into discrete cell types by the downstream transcriptional network that responds to the morphogen. A mechanism commonly used to implement a sharp transition between two adjacent cell fates is the genetic toggle switch, composed of cross-repressing transcriptional determinants. Previous analyses emphasize the steady state output of these mechanisms. Here, we explore the dynamics of the toggle switch and use exact numerical simulations of the kinetic reactions, the Chemical Langevin Equation, and Minimum Action Path theory to establish a framework for studying the effect of gene expression noise on patterning time and boundary position. This provides insight into the time scale, gene expression trajectories and directionality of stochastic switching events between cell states. Taking gene expression noise into account predicts that the final boundary position of a morphogen-induced toggle switch, although robust to changes in the details of the noise, is distinct from that of the deterministic system. Moreover, stochastic switching introduces differences in patterning time along the morphogen gradient that result in a patterning wave propagating away from the morphogen source. The velocity of this wave is influenced by noise; the wave sharpens and slows as it advances and may never reach steady state in a biologically relevant time. This could explain experimentally observed dynamics of pattern formation. Together the analysis reveals the importance of dynamical transients for understanding morphogen-driven transcriptional networks and indicates that gene expression noise can qualitatively alter developmental patterning

The effects of induced triploidy on the reproduction of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the Nile tilapia (oreochoromis niloticus)

Triploid rainbow trout produced by heat shock and control (diploid) siblings were raised separately at similar density, feeding and water quality regimes. No significant differences in body weight or condition factors were observed; however the weight of the eviscerated carcass was on average 20% higher (P<0.05) in triploid fish compared to diploid fish at 20 and 44 months post-hatching. The effects of triploidy on males were most evident during the final stages of spermatogenesis; in contrast, the gonadal development of triploid females was affected during its early stages, with the majority of the oogonia (30-70%) remaining within the oogonial clusters. A major finding was the presence of male-differentiating areas in most triploid females examined, which by the end of the sampling period appeared as gonadal hermaphrodites. Testicular weight, gonado-somatic index, sperm cell density and spermatozoa motility were significantly lower in triploid than in diploid male siblings, although some triploid males produced viable progeny when crossed to normal (diploid) females. Characterisation of this progeny by image analysis of nuclear DNA revealed the presence of a near-triploid genome. A single 5 month-old juvenile had developed testes in meiotic phase, providing a first evidence for the generation of limited numbers of viable progeny by autotriploid rainbow trout males. A cytogenetic analysis was carried out on monosex diploid and triploid populations of Nile tilapia. Synaptonemal complex analysis in diploid genotypes revealed the presence of an incompletely paired segment in the terminal region of the longest bivalent in heterogametic (XY) genotypes, which was not observed in homogametic genotypes. This unpaired region provides cytological evidence for the chromosomal basis of sex determination in O. niloticus. Meiotic analysis in triploids revealed the presence of longer (P<0.0001) synaptonemal complexes in heterogametic (XXY) than in homogametic (XXX) genotypes, with a significantly different (P<0.0001) nature of pairing evident between both groups. A model to explain the different progress in gametogenesis observed between male and female teleosts is discussed

Stochastic algorithms for discontinuous multiplicative white noise

Stochastic differential equations with multiplicative noise need a mathematical prescription due to different interpretations of the stochastic integral. This fact implies specific algorithms to perform numerical integrations or simulations of the stochastic trajectories. Moreover, if the multiplicative noise function is not continuous then the standard algorithms cannot be used. We present an explicit algorithm to avoid this problem and we apply it to a well controlled example. Finally, we discuss on the existence of higher-order algorithms for this specific situation

A "quick look" at ultrafast ablation using fs-resolved phase-change microscopy

A pump-probe phase-change microscope with fs temporal resolution has been used to understand the transformation induced in the sample surface as a consequence of laser-matter interaction.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Minimum Action Path theory reveals the details of stochastic biochemical transitions out of oscillatory cellular states

Cell state determination is the outcome of intrinsically stochastic biochemical reactions. Tran- sitions between such states are studied as noise-driven escape problems in the chemical species space. Escape can occur via multiple possible multidimensional paths, with probabilities depending non-locally on the noise. Here we characterize the escape from an oscillatory biochemical state by minimizing the Freidlin-Wentzell action, deriving from it the stochastic spiral exit path from the limit cycle. We also use the minimized action to infer the escape time probability density function

Femtosecond time-resolved phase-change microscopy and ablation threshold calculations to understand ultrafast laser ablation

El trabajo recoge experimentos realizados en una configuración sonda-prueba haciendo uso de un láser de femtosegundos, con el objetivo de comprender los fenómenos de ablación de materiales sólidos ras irradiación con láseres de pulso ultracorto.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech