Non-standard employment among young people in the European Union: precariousness, multiple jobholding and unpaid overtime

[ES] El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es analizar la precarización del empleo entre los jóvenes de los países miembro de la EU-28 tras la Gran Recesión. Para ello, se estudia el empleo no estándar como eje de la creciente flexibilización de los mercados laborales y determinante del proceso de precarización del empleo. Se abarcan tres vértices esenciales en la investigación sobre los determinantes de la precarización y la influencia del empleo no estándar en los jóvenes de la EU-28: las similitudes y diferencias en la precarización del empleo entre los países europeos, los determinantes del segundo empleo en jóvenes pluriempleados y el efecto del empleo no estándar sobre la realización de horas extra no remuneradas. La investigación se centra en el estudio de los jóvenes asalariados de entre 15 y 34 años pertenecientes a los países miembros de la EU-28 para el periodo posterior a la Gran Recesión hasta 2019. La base de datos utilizada es la Encuesta de Población Activa de la Unión Europea, lo que permite un análisis comparativo con una muestra homogénea y armonizada para todos los países miembro de la EU-28. Utilizando esta base de datos se ha desarrollado en el primer capítulo un indicador multidimensional ajustado de precariedad, al igual que se han estimado diversos modelos econométricos a lo largo del trabajo doctoral como son modelos de regresión logística o modelos de regresión logística multinivel tanto con efectos fijos como aleatorios. Los resultados muestran una elevada precarización del empleo en los países Mediterráneos seguidos de Países Bajos y Dinamarca, y una baja incidencia e intensidad de la precariedad en los países Continentales, Anglosajones y del Centro y Este de Europa, siendo los bajos salarios el principal factor determinante de la precariedad. El segundo capítulo revela un efecto positivo del empleo a tiempo parcial sobre la propensión a obtener un segundo empleo, al igual que el tercer capítulo muestra un efecto positivo del empleo temporal y, especialmente, del teletrabajo sobre la realización de horas extra no remuneradas por parte de los jóvenes. Finalmente, se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre estos resultados en función de diferentes variables sociodemográficas, del primer empleo, de la jornada laboral y de las instituciones y contextos de los mercados laborales europeos. [EN] This doctoral thesis sets out to analyse the precariousness of employment among young people in EU-28 member states following the Great Recession. This involves studying non-standard employment as the linchpin of the growing deregulation of labour markets and a key factor informing their greater precariousness. The research adopts three main approaches to the analysis of the drivers of precariousness and the impact that non-standard employment has on young people in EU-28: the similarities and differences in the levels of precariousness among young people across member states, the determinants of their multiple jobholding, and the effect that non-standard employment has on their unpaid overtime. The research focuses on young wage earners between the ages of 15 and 34 in EU-28 member states over the period following the Great Recession until 2019. The database used is the European Union Labour Force Survey, which allows for a comparative analysis to be conducted with a uniform and harmonised sample for all the member states. This database has been used in the first chapter to develop an adjusted multidimensional precariousness rate, together with the estimation of sundry econometric models throughout this doctoral thesis, such as logistic and multilevel regression with both fixed and random effects. The results reveal a high level of precariousness in Mediterranean countries, followed by the Netherlands and Denmark, and a low rate and intensity in Continental and Anglo-Saxon countries, and Central and Eastern Europe, with low wages being the common denominator of precariousness. The second chapter finds that part-time work has a positive effect on the decision to hold a second job, with the third chapter reporting a positive effect of temporary employment and, especially, working from home on unpaid overtime among young people. Finally, there are statistically significant differences between these results depending on several sociodemographic variables, first job characteristics, type of working day, and the institutions and contexts of Europe’s labour markets

EuroFlow: Resetting leukemia and lymphoma immunophenotyping. Basis for companion diagnostics and personalized medicine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative Works 3.0 Unported License.-- Editorial.We are grateful to Dr Jean-Luc Sanne of the European Commission for his support and monitoring of the EuroFlow project.Peer Reviewe

Contribution of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping to the diagnostic screening and classification of pediatric cancer

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.Pediatric cancer is a relatively rare and heterogeneous group of hematological and non-hematological malignancies which require multiple procedures for its diagnostic screening and classification. Until now, flow cytometry (FC) has not been systematically applied to the diagnostic work-up of such malignancies, particularly for solid tumors. Here we evaluated a FC panel of markers for the diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer and further classification of pediatric solid tumors. The proposed strategy aims at the differential diagnosis between tumoral vs. reactive samples, and hematological vs. non-hematological malignancies, and the subclassification of solid tumors. In total, 52 samples from 40 patients suspicious of containing tumor cells were analyzed by FC in parallel to conventional diagnostic procedures. The overall concordance rate between both approaches was of 96% (50/52 diagnostic samples), with 100% agreement for all reactive/inflammatory and non-infiltrated samples as well as for those corresponding to solid tumors (n = 35), with only two false negative cases diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, clear discrimination between samples infiltrated by hematopoietic vs. non-hematopoietic tumor cells was systematically achieved. Distinct subtypes of solid tumors showed different protein expression profiles, allowing for the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma (CD56hi/GD2+/CD81hi), primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CD271hi/CD99+), Wilms tumors (>1 cell population), rhabdomyosarcoma (nuMYOD1+/numyogenin+), carcinomas (CD45-/EpCAM+), germ cell tumors (CD56+/CD45-/NG2+/CD10+) and eventually also hemangiopericytomas (CD45-/CD34+). In summary, our results show that multiparameter FC provides fast and useful complementary data to routine histopathology for the diagnostic screening and classification of pediatric cancer.This work has been partially supported by the following grants: EO was partially supported by grant from CNPq- Brazilian National Research Council (Brasília, Brazil). MF was partially supported by a grant from FAPERJ- Research support foundation of Rio de Janeiro, (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and now she is partially supported by a grant from CAPES/Ministério da Educação (Brasília, Brazil). VB was partially supported by FAPERJ- Research support foundation of Rio de Janeiro, (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). ESC was partially supported by grant from CNPq- Brazilian National Research Council (Brasília, Brazil) and FAPERJ- Research support foundation of Rio de Janeiro, (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).Peer Reviewe

Postnatal changes in rhodamine-123 stained mitochondrial populations are sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors but mimicked in vitro by atp

AbstractThe incubation of term fetus mitochondria with ATP mimicked in vitro the increase in the respiratory control index and in the percentage of the rhodamine-123-low fluorescence population that occurred in vivo immediately after birth, suggesting that both phenomena are closely associated. The administration of streptomycin inhibited the increase in the percentage of the low fluorescence population that occurred immediately after birth, while the administration of cycloheximide even reversed these changes. These results suggest that the in vivo interconversion between mitochondrial forms depends on both cytosolic and mitochondrial protein synthesis

KIT mutation analysis in mast cell neoplasms: Recommendations of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis

PMCID: PMC4522520.-- et al.Although acquired mutations in KIT are commonly detected in various categories of mastocytosis, the methodologies applied to detect and quantify the mutant type and allele burden in various cells and tissues are poorly defined. We here propose a consensus on methodologies used to detect KIT mutations in patients with mastocytosis at diagnosis and during follow-up with sufficient precision and sensitivity in daily practice. In addition, we provide recommendations for sampling and storage of diagnostic material as well as a robust diagnostic algorithm. Using highly sensitive assays, KIT D816V can be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from most patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) that is a major step forward in screening and SM diagnosis. In addition, the KIT D816V allele burden can be followed quantitatively during the natural course or during therapy. Our recommendations should greatly facilitate diagnostic and follow-up investigations in SM in daily practice as well as in clinical trials. In addition, the new tools and algorithms proposed should lead to a more effective screen, early diagnosis of SM and help to avoid unnecessary referrals.M. Arock is supported by Fondation de France; P. Dubreuil is supported by La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée) and INCa; A. Garcia-Montero and A. Orfao are Supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, Madrid, Spain (grant numbers RD12/0036/0048 and PI11/02399, FEDER) and from Fundacion Ramon Areces, Madrid, Spain (grant number CIVP16A1806); D.D. Metcalfe is supported in part by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID; P. Valent is supported by Austrian Science Funds (FWF) Project SFB F4611 and SFB F4704-B20.Peer Reviewe

Changes in adult rat liver mitochondrial populations at different energy states analyzed by flow cytometry

AbstractThe present work studies the changes in green fluorescence intensity after Rh-123 staining of the low (LFP) and the high fluorescence populations (HFP) in isolated mitochondria from rat liver. The results show that the HFP represents a mitochondrial compartment less sensitive to changes in energy states. In addition, it is concluded that the use of Rh-123 to monitor changes in mitochondrial membrane potential should be undertaken with caution because, under certain circumstances, there is no correlation between the Rh-123 intensity of fluorescence due to its uptake by mitochondria and previously reported changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential

Common Infectious Agents and Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study among Healthy Adults

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- Primary Health Care Group of Salamanca for the Study of MBL: et al.[Background]: Risk factors associated with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), a potential precursor of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), remain unknown. [Methods]: Using a cross-sectional study design, we investigated demographic, medical and behavioural risk factors associated with MBL. >Low-count> MBL (cases) were defined as individuals with very low median absolute count of clonal B-cells, identified from screening of healthy individuals and the remainder classified as controls. 452 individuals completed a questionnaire with their general practitioner, both blind to the MBL status of the subject. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MBL were estimated by means of unconditional logistic regression adjusted for confounding factors. [Results]: MBL were detected in 72/452 subjects (16%). Increasing age was strongly associated with MBL (P-trend<0.001). MBL was significantly less common among individuals vaccinated against pneumococcal or influenza (OR 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25 to 0.95; P-value = 0.03 and OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.93, P-value = 0.03, respectively). Albeit based on small numbers, cases were more likely to report infectious diseases among their children, respiratory disease among their siblings and personal history of pneumonia and meningitis. No other distinguishing epidemiological features were identified except for family history of cancer and an inverse relationship with diabetes treatment. All associations described above were retained after restricting the analysis to CLL-like MBL. [Conclusion]: Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to infectious agents leading to serious clinical manifestations in the patient or its surroundings may trigger immune events leading to MBL. This exploratory study provides initial insights and directions for future research related to MBL, a potential precursor of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Further work is warranted to confirm these findings.This work was financially supported by the following grants: Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer del Instituto de Salud Carlos III - FONDOS FEDER (RD06/0020/0035, 2006-RET2039-O, CIBERESP 06/02/0073); FIS PI06/0824-FEDER, PS09/02430-FEDER and PI11/01810-FEDER, from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain; GRS206/A/08 from the Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León and Ayuda al Grupo GR37 de Excelencia de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación, and SAN/1778/2009, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain; and Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2009SGR1465). AR-C is supported by a grant from Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer.Peer Reviewe

Distinction between asymptomatic monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with cyclin D1 overexpression and mantle cell lymphoma: from molecular profiling to flow cytometry

PMCID: PMC4488901.-- et al.[Purpose]: According to current diagnostic criteria, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) encompasses the usual, aggressive variants and rare, nonnodal cases with monoclonal asymptomatic lymphocytosis, cyclin D1- positive (MALD1). We aimed to understand the biology behind this clinical heterogeneity and to identify markers for adequate identification of MALD1 cases. [Experimental Design]: We compared 17 typical MCL cases with a homogeneous group of 13 untreated MALD1 cases (median follow-up, 71 months). We conducted gene expression profiling with functional analysis in five MCL and five MALD1. Results were validated in 12 MCL and 8 MALD1 additional cases by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in 24MCLand 13MALD1 cases by flow cytometry. Classification and regression trees strategy was used to generate an algorithm based on CD38 and CD200 expression by flow cytometry. [Results]: We found 171 differentially expressed genes with enrichment of neoplastic behavior and cell proliferation signatures in MCL. Conversely, MALD1 was enriched in gene sets related to immune activation and inflammatory responses. CD38 and CD200 were differentially expressed betweenMCLandMALD1and confirmed by flow cytometry (median CD38, 89% vs. 14%; median CD200, 0% vs. 24%, respectively). Assessment of both proteins allowed classifying 85% (11 of 13) of MALD1 cases whereas 15% remained unclassified. SOX11 expression by qRT-PCR was significantly different between MCL and MALD1 groups but did not improve the classification. [Conclusion]: We show for the first time that MALD1, in contrast to MCL, is characterized by immune activation and driven by inflammatory cues. Assessment of CD38/CD200 by flow cytometry is useful to distinguish most cases of MALD1 from MCL in the clinical setting. MALD1 should be identified and segregated from the current MCL category to avoid overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.This work has been supported, in part, by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD07/0020/2004, RD09/0076/00036, RD12/0036/0044, (RTICC, FEDER), Generalitat de Catalunya 2009/SGR541, and the “Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors” sponsored by Pla Director d'Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC).Peer Reviewe

Desarrollo y evaluación de KIT NAPPA Array para su uso como plataforma de secreening de fármacos

Comunicaciones a congreso

Early diagnostic of B cell chronic leukemia by novel biomarkers

Comunicaciones a congreso