Magnetic quantification of urban pollution sources in atmospheric particulate matter

A new method is presented for fast quantification of urban pollution sources in atmospheric particulate matter (PM). The remanent magnetization of PM samples collected in Switzerland at sites with different exposures to pollution sources is analysed. The coercivity distribution of each sample is calculated from detailed demagnetization curves of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and is modelled using a linear combination of appropriate functions which represent the contribution of different sources of magnetic minerals to the total magnetization. Two magnetic components, C1 and C2, are identified in all samples. The low-coercivity component C1 predominates in less polluted sites, whereas the concentration of the higher-coercivity component C2 is large in urban areas. The same sites were monitored independently by Hüglin using detailed chemical analysis and a quantitative source attribution of the PM. His results are compared with the magnetic component analysis. The absolute and relative magnetic contributions of component C2 correlate very well with absolute and relative mass contributions of exhaust emissions, respectively. Traffic is the most important PM pollution source in Switzerland: it includes exhaust emissions and abrasion products released by vehicle brakes. Component C2 and traffic-related PM sources correlate well, which is encouraging for the implementation of non-destructive magnetic methods as an economic alternative to chemical analysis when mapping urban dust pollutio

Some results of studying of daily variations of dynamic parameters on oilfields by means of vibroseismic monitoring

This article is devoted to a new actual direction in geophysics - an active seismic monitoring on an oilfield. Research have been executed by means of vibroseismic survey 3D on the oilfield on four circular patterns during a period of maximal lunar-solar tide. As a result of researches daily variations dynamic parameters which are correlated on some sites of an oilfield with the rated chart of tidal gravitational forces are registered. The degree of this correlation depends on tensor sensibility of geological environment. Temporary heterogeneity was revealed on the territory of the oilfield. The received results can be used in oilfield prospecting and their division into districts

Geophysical in urban areas

© SGEM 2014. For the first time in the world practice, geophysical monitoring in urban conditions of the Kazan Kremlin was made. Negative impact of ground and technogenic waters on the architectural monuments, buildings and fortification walls were revealed. This results have turned helpful for reconstructions and repairs buildings of the Kazan Kremlin

The method of the electromagnetic sounding data processing for searching of hydrocarbon accumulation

This article describes the using of the principle component analyses for interpretation the data of near-field transient electromagnetic sounding. On the basis of electromagnetic data sounding geoelectric field model was considered, but also data processing with using the principle component analyses was made. The maps of component allocation, which were interpreted to select the field area, basing on factors' (component) weight analysis, became the results of data processing. Considered interpretation ways and received results allow appreciating the near-field transient electromagnetic sounding method as manysided and informative method. The received values of apparent conductivity, transformed in factors, reflect the structure of geological environment. Using the principle component analyses for interpretation the data of near-field transient electromagnetic sounding allows making express analysis on types of geoelectric section and finding the hidden characteristics of geoelectric section

Magnetolithologic and magnetomineralogical characteristics of sediments at the Mesozoic/Cenozoic boundary: The Koshak section (Mangyshlak peninsula)

Results of a detailed petromagnetic study of sediments of the Koshak section, including the Mesozoic/Cenozoic (K/T) boundary, are presented. The rocks are shown to have a very low magnetization. A relatively high magnetization is characteristic of two thin clayey beds, one at the K/T boundary and the other 0.6 m above it: χ up to 2.5 × 109 m3/kg, Ms up to 0.6 × 103 A m2/kg, and Mrs up to 0.4 × 103 A m2/kg. This is related to relatively high concentrations of hemoilmenite (up to 0.2%), magnetite (up to 0.01%), and goethite (up to 0.24%) in these beds. It is evident that the distribution of these magnetic minerals is lithologically controlled (the predominant occurrence in clayey beds), which is expressed, in particular, in the relation between the paramagnetic (clayey) and diamagnetic (carbonate) contributions to the magnetization of the sediments. Thus, clayey interbeds are sharply distinguished by the value of the paramagnetic magnetization (Mp = (83-86) × 105 A m2/kg) as compared with purely diamagnetic chalk Md = -(26-35) × 105 A m2/kg). Minor concentrations of metallic iron (up to ∼0.002%) discovered in the sediments have a lithologically uncontrolled distribution (metallic iron is more often observed near the K/T boundary rather than in clayey beds). Most probably, magnetite, hemoilmenite, and goethite were accumulated mostly with clay and other terrigenous material, while fine particles of iron are likely to have been dispersed by air. The whole set of the data of this work suggests that the K/T boundary is not distinguished by characteristic magnetomineralogical and magnetolithologic features. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006

Physical interpretation of isothermal remanent magnetization end-members: New insights into the environmental history of Lake Hovsgul, Mongolia

© 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization for 1057 samples of core KDP-01 from Lake Hovsgul (Mongolia) are decomposed into three end-members using non-negative matrix factorization. The obtained mixing coefficients also decompose hysteresis loops, back-field, and strong-field thermomagnetic curves into their related end-member components. This proves that the end-members represent different mineralogical fractions of the Lake Hovsgul sedimentary environment. The method used for unmixing offers a new possibility to apply rock magnetism in paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies. For Lake Hovsgul, it indicates that a low-coercivity component with a covarying paramagnetic phase represents a coarse-grained magnetite fraction from terrigenous influx probably via fluvial transport. A second component with coercivities close to 50 mT is identified as a magnetite fraction related to magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria. The third component has coercivities near 85 mT and is identified as greigite of biotic or abiotic origin common in suboxic/anoxic sediments. Significant positive correlations between variations of intensity of all three mineralogical components along the core are found. A rapid drop in all end-member concentrations by more than one order of magnitude at about 20 m depth testifies to a major change of the environmental or geological conditions of Lake Hovsgul. It possibly is related to the onset of MIS 10 marking the termination of arid climate conditions. Short intervals of high productivity are characterized by an abundance of magnetite magnetosomes and may highlight glacial-interglacial transition intervals. For the rest of the core, greigite magnetization substantially exceeds that of magnetite, indicating a predominantly anoxic environment

Petromagnetic and paleomagnetic characterization deposits at Mesozoic/Cenozoic boundary: The Tetritskaro section (Georgia)

Petromagnetic and magnetostratigraphic characteristics are obtained for the Tetritskaro section. The boundary layer at the Mesozoic/Cenozoic (K/T) boundary is fixed primarily by an abrupt rise in the paramagnetic magnetization (total Fe concentration) and, to a lesser degree, by an increase in the concentration of such magnetic minerals as goethite, hemoilmenite, and magnetite. The along-section distribution of titanomagnetite of volcanic origin and metallic iron of cosmic origin does not correlate with the K/T boundary and lithologic properties of the sediments. The boundary of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological eras lies within the reversed polarity chron C29r and is marked by an abrupt rise in the geomagnetic field paleointensity and an instability of paleomagnetic directions, rather than by a polarity change. The accumulation time of the boundary clay layer is about 1.5-2 kyr, while abrupt changes in the paleointensity and direction of the geomagnetic field encompass 30-40 kyr. Such long occurrence intervals of the events in question cannot be related to a short-term impact phenomenon. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2009

Direct Numerical Simulation of Boiling Multiphase Flows: State-of-the-Art, Modeling, Algorithmic and Computer Needs

The state-of-the-art for Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of boiling multiphase flows is reviewed, focussing on potential of available computational techniques, the level of current success for their applications to model several basic flow regimes (film, pool-nucleate and wall-nucleate boiling -- FB, PNB and WNB, respectively). Then, we discuss multiphysics and multiscale nature of practical boiling flows in LWR reactors, requiring high-fidelity treatment of interfacial dynamics, phase-change, hydrodynamics, compressibility, heat transfer, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics and chemistry of liquid/vapor and fluid/solid-wall interfaces. Finally, we outline the framework for the {\sf Fervent} code, being developed at INL for DNS of reactor-relevant boiling multiphase flows, with the purpose of gaining insight into the physics of multiphase flow regimes, and generating a basis for effective-field modeling in terms of its formulation and closure laws