El proceso de internacionalización de la trama automotriz argentina

El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer una presentación de la evolución histórica de la industria automotriz argentina focalizada en su proceso de internacionalización. Este análisis se realizará desde una perspectiva de tramas productivas, procurando enfatizar el modo en que se fue gestando el proceso de internacionalización en esta trama y recalcar la importancia que adquirieron en distintos momentos los elementos domésticos y extranjeros en los procesos de transformación tecnológica y productiva. Ello implicará recorrer el proceso de conformación de los polos organizadores de la actividad productiva, el desarrollo de su cadena de proveedores y sus relaciones; así como la evolución de los flujos comerciales, las transformaciones tecnológicas y productivas involucradas en esta evolución, y el impacto que ha tenido la política sectorial en la conformación de la trama en la Argentina y su internacionalización. En el análisis se seguirá una periodización en seis partes: la primera abarca el período entre 1920 y 1950, caracterizado por la instalación de las primeras plantas de montaje; la segunda entre 1951 y 1958, donde comienza la producción nacional impulsada fuertemente por el Estado; la tercera entre 1959 y 1975, que se caracterizó por la consolidación productiva de la trama comandada por multinacionales extranjerascon la finalidad de abastecer el mercado interno; la cuarta entre 1976 y 1990, donde la  inestabilidad institucional y macroeconómica del país hundieron a la trama en una fuerte crisis; la quinta entre 1991 y 2001, el período de la convertibilidad, caracterizado por el acercamiento de la trama productiva local a la frontera tecnológica internacional y su definitiva integración a la cadena global de producción; y, por último, la etapa entre 2002 y 2010, de la posconvertibilidad.The aim of this paper is to present the historical evolution of Argentina's automotive industry focusing on its internationalization’s process. This analysis will be done from a production network’s perspective, trying to emphasize the character that the globalization process acquired in this network from its beginnings, and the relative importance that acquired the domestic and foreign elements in this processes. This will involve analyze the process of development of the production network’s cores, the development of their supply chain, the evolution of the trade, technological and production flows, and the impact of the sectoral policy. The analysis will follow six parts: the first covers the period between 1920 and 1950, characterized by the installation of the firsts assembly plants; the second between 1951 and 1958, when began the domestic production driven by the State; the third between 1959 and 1975, characterized by the domination of the network by foreign automakers; the fourth between 1976 and 1990, where the domestic institutional and macroeconomic instability led to a deep crisis in the network; the fifth between 1991 and 2001, characterized by the approaching of the local production network to the international technological frontier and its final integration into the global production chain; and finally, the pos-convertibility, period, from 2002 to 2010.Fil: Morero, Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio Sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Understanding Policing of Human Trafficking in Gauteng Province, South Africa: The Phenomena, Challenges and Effective Responses

Human trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes perceived to be a serious and growing problem worldwide. Human trafficking is a depressing phenomenon that affects many people across the globe. This study attempts to determine the phenomena of human trafficking, and identify the existing challenges of policing this scourge and suggest possible effective responses. This study was carried out utilising a qualitative approach. Forty interviews were carried out among officials deployed in the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI), the South African Police Service (SAPS), the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), the Department of Social Development (DSD), the Gauteng Provincial Office, as well as with the victims regarding their views and experiences on the stakeholder’s involvement in combating and investigating human trafficking. The key findings indicated that the challenges are corruption, lack of motivation and commitment to combat human trafficking, lack of limited awareness and information about the human trafficking scourge in South Africa, the findings also indicated a lack of clear strategy and response by stakeholders to successfully investigate, prosecute and incarcerate the perpetrators of human trafficking and the findings further indicated lack of capacity, resources and training to deal with human trafficking. Based on the findings, the author provided, possible recommendations such as; the utilisation of advanced technology and use of intelligence-led policing to strengthen the work of stakeholders, advanced training and better education including improved awareness strategies; and the utilisation of social media as a tool to deal with human trafficking and strengthening of enforcement responses and reporting techniques

Internacionalización, Tramas Productivas y Sistema Nacional de Innovación

Internationalization, Production Networks and National System of InnovationThis paper aims to study the capacity of the National Systems of Innovation to affect the innovative performance of firms in internationalized production activities of a developing economy. The research adopted a production networks perspective on Innovation Systems and the empirical work involved a survey to firms from the automotive productive network in Argentina. The importance of domestic and external sources of knowledge to the innovative performance of these firms was evaluated through the use of multivariate analysis and data clustering techniques. The main findings of the study are that: i) the innovative performance of argentinian auto parts firms is positively related to certain complementation between internal and external sources of knowledge; and that ii) the importance of the national innovation system is essential for them, even if those firms belongs to internationalized production networks that operates in a developing country

Internacionalización, Tramas Productivas y Sistema Nacional de Innovación

Internationalization, Production Networks and National System of InnovationThis paper aims to study the capacity of the National Systems of Innovation to affect the innovative performance of firms in internationalized production activities of a developing economy. The research adopted a production networks perspective on Innovation Systems and the empirical work involved a survey to firms from the automotive productive network in Argentina. The importance of domestic and external sources of knowledge to the innovative performance of these firms was evaluated through the use of multivariate analysis and data clustering techniques. The main findings of the study are that: i) the innovative performance of argentinian auto parts firms is positively related to certain complementation between internal and external sources of knowledge; and that ii) the importance of the national innovation system is essential for them, even if those firms belongs to internationalized production networks that operates in a developing country

Internationalization, Production Networks and National System of Innovation

This paper aims to study the capacity of the National Systems of Innovation to affect the innovative performance of firms in internationalized production activities of a developing economy. The research adopted a production networks perspective on Innovation Systems and the empirical work involved a survey to firms from the automotive productive network in Argentina. The importance of domestic and external sources of knowledge to the innovative performance of these firms was evaluated through the use of multivariate analysis and data clustering techniques. The main findings of the study are that: i) the innovative performance of argentinian auto parts firms is positively related to certain complementation between internal and external sources of knowledge; and that ii) the importance of the national innovation system is essential for them, even if those firms belongs to internationalized production networks that operates in a developing country.Internationalization; National System of Innovation; Production Networks; Automotive Production Network; Argentina

Labor flexibility and competitiveness during the Convertibility Plan

The nineties in Argentina was marked by an ambitious set of structural reforms known as the Convertibility Plan. Margin, some authors claim that their collapse was due, among other things, lack of competitiveness of Argentina's economy. We believe that this did not go unnoticed by "policymakers" and tempt in this paper analyze the policies that were undertaken to address the shortcomings in competitiveness that the country suffered. The central hypothesis of this paper is that it underlay a narrow concept of competitiveness led flexible policies (deregulation, labor flexibility indiscriminate opening) that ended, at last, completely undermining the country's competitiveness and sustainability bury Plan. On the other hand, we believe that a more realistic view of the phenomenon of competition to understand this failure and be a guide to avoid mistakes committed similes.Convertibilidad; Argentina; Competitividad; Flexilización Laboral; Labor flexibility; Competitiveness

Modificaciones en la organización del trabajo en empresas productoras de software abierto y formas de apropiación

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio de caso en profundidad en una empresa dinámica del sector de Software y Servicios Informáticos de Córdoba, que produce sobre herramientas de tipo open source. Se relacionan los hallazgos obtenidos acerca de la organización del trabajo, la participación en la comunidad de software abierto y las formas de apropiación de los beneficios de la innovación en la empresa, en un análisis crítico de los argumentos convencionales sobre el vínculo entre niveles de innovación y regímenes de apropiabilidad privada.publishedVersio

Field detection of Tritrichomonas foetus through loop mediated isothermal amplification with CELDA

An affordable, portable, and easy-to-build instrument was implemented to perform loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in the field. Controlled by Arduino, CELDA heats the reaction tubes, reads the intensity of green fluorescent light and stores data in a computer. In the laboratory and in the field, CELDA was successfully used for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus DNA in less than 60 min and helped distinguish positives with less difficulty than visual inspection.Fil: Oyhenart, Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Morero, Mariana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin