Desire to change one's multimodality and its relationship to the use of different transport means

Using data collected from French employees of a transportation institute and residents of the US San Francisco Bay Area, we operationalize a segmentation of mobility patterns based on objective, subjective, and desired amounts of mobility by various modes and overall. We especially focus on the degree of multimodality in an individual's current modal mix and desired changes to that mix through the use of a "multimodality index". The clusters that result showed some similarities and some differences across countries, where the latter are likely due to disparities in the sampling strategies and in the land use/transportation/cultural milieux. In both cases, however, the clusters have useful policy implications, enabling us, for example, to distinguish car users who might be inclined to reduce car use and increase transit use from those who are largely content with their current modal basket

Modeling the Choice of Telecommuting 3: Identifying the Choice Set and Estimating Binary Choice Models for Technology-Based Alternatives

Previous papers in this series have presented a conceptual model of the individual decision to telecommute and explored relationships among constraints, preference, and choice. A related paper has developed a binary model of the preference for home-based telecommuting. Noting that there is a wide gap between preferring to telecommute (88% of the sample) and actually telecommuting (13%), this paper develops binary logit models of telecommuting adoption. Two approaches to dealing with constraints are compared: incorporating them directly into the utility function, and using them to define the choice set. Models using the first approach appear to be statistically superior in this analysis, explaining 63-64% of the information in the data. Variables significant to choice include those relating to work and travel drives, and awareness, manager support, job suitability, technology, and discipline constraints. The best model was used to analyze the impact of relaxing three key constraints on the 355 people in the sample for whom telecommuting was previously identified to be a Preferred Impossible Alternative. When unawareness, lack of manager support, and job unsuitability constraints are relaxed, 28% of the people in the PIA category would be expected to adopt telecommuting. The importance of behavioral models to accurately forecasting telecommuting adoption is emphasized and is suggested to have wider implications for predicting technology-based activity changes.telecommuting, teleworking, discrete choice, choice set

Modeling the Choice of Telecommuting 2: A Case of the Preferred Impossible Alternative

A conceptual model of the choice to telecommute was advanced in an earlier paper (Mokhtarian and Salomon, 1994). In this paper, we present empirical data from a non-representative sample of 628 City of San Diego employees on key variables and relationships in that model. The relationships among possibility, preference, and choice are examined. A key finding is the existence of a large group of people (57% of the sample) for whom telecommuting is a Preferred Impossible Alternative. Dichotomous and continuous constraints are distinguished, and three dichotomous constraints are defined. Lack of awareness is active for 4%, job unsuitability for 44%, and manager disapproval for 51% of the sample. For 68% of the sample, at least one of these constraints is active. Even among those for whom none of the dichotomous constraints is in force, most people do not choose telecommuting due to the presence of active continuous constraints. For only 11% of the entire sample, telecommuting is possible, preferred, and chosen. The potential impacts of self-selection bias are estimated, and sampling bias is qualitatively assessed. This analysis provides a crude but useful estimate of the potential of telecommuting in the population, and more specifically, the relative share of potential telecommuters who are prevented by key dichotomous constraints from choosing that option.telecommuting, teleworking

Multi-scale 3-D Surface Description: Open and Closed Surfaces

A novel technique for multi-scale smoothing of a free-form 3-D surface is presented. Complete triangulated models of 3-D objects are constructed automatically and using a local parametrization technique, are then smoothed using a 2-D Gaussian filter. Our method for local parametrization makes use of semigeodesic coordinates as a natural and efficient way of sampling the local surface shape. The smoothing eliminates the surface noise together with high curvature regions such as sharp edges, therefore, sharp corners become rounded as the object is smoothed iteratively. Our technique for free-form 3-D multi-scale surface smoothing is independent of the underlying triangulation. It is also argued that the proposed technique is preferrable to volumetric smoothing or level set methods since it is applicable to incomplete surface data which occurs during occlusion. Our technique was applied to closed as well as open 3-D surfaces and the results are presented here

Multi-Scale Free-Form Surface Description and Curvature Estimation

A novel technique for multi-scale smoothing of a free-form 3-D surface is presented. Complete triangulated models of 3-D objects are constructed at our center [4] and using a local parametrization technique, are then smoothed using a 2-D Gaussian filter. Our method for local parametrization makes use of semigeodesic coordinates as a natural and efficient way of sampling the local surface shape. The smoothing eliminates the surface noise together with high curvature regions such as sharp edges, therefore, sharp corners become rounded as the object is smoothed iteratively. Our technique for free-form 3-D multi-scale surface smoothing is independent of the underlying triangulation. It is also argued that the proposed technique is preferrable to volumetric smoothing or level set methods since it is applicable to incomplete surface data which occurs during occlusion. The technique was applied to simple and complex 3-D objects and the results are presented here

Process Mining of Programmable Logic Controllers: Input/Output Event Logs

This paper presents an approach to model an unknown Ladder Logic based Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program consisting of Boolean logic and counters using Process Mining techniques. First, we tap the inputs and outputs of a PLC to create a data flow log. Second, we propose a method to translate the obtained data flow log to an event log suitable for Process Mining. In a third step, we propose a hybrid Petri net (PN) and neural network approach to approximate the logic of the actual underlying PLC program. We demonstrate the applicability of our proposed approach on a case study with three simulated scenarios

The importance of design characteristics in walking from student's perspective: a case study in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Walking is a common form of physical activity, which has a lot of both social and recreational impacts. It is studied as a way of achieving sustainability. Many researchers recommend that walking can increase mental and physical health. Spectators of new urbanism recommend that the good design will encourage walking. There are several characteristics for designing walkable communities, which were frequently described in researches by many authors. In this paper, the four criteria noticed for making walkable university campus include connectivity, accessibility, safety/security and comfort. These criteria have been assessed by gathering survey in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to find out if these criteria can cause or affect walkability in university campus and it has been supported by previous studies. The result of the survey shows that these criteria are important from students’ perspective as high numbers of the students consider these characters as important for walking activity. The conclusion is to achieve walkable university campus as it will be necessary to evaluate present walking conditions, research walking behavior in different settings and consider these four criteria in designing campus for improving walking condition

Analyzing the occurrence transformative learning in faith-based, postsecondary adult degree completion programs utilizing the learning activities survey

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Educational LeadershipJeffrey T. ZacharakisThere has been tremendous growth in adult, degree-completion programs. Enrollment trends continue to reflect a growing adult population, comprising 40% of all postsecondary students (Snyder & Dillow, 2013). In an effort to meet rising demand and capitalize on the opportunity to provide adult-specific programs, schools are focusing more on the administrative benefits and the highly structured format of degree completion programs and diminishing the opportunity for adults to learn and grow beyond course content (Johnson-Bailey, 2015). This ex-post facto study is of adult students enrolled in cohort-based, degree completion programs in faith-based colleges and universities to understand whether students experience transformative learning and if so, if their experience can be predicted or explained by participation in various learning activities. This research uses King’s (2009) Learning Activities Survey, which was specifically developed to measure transformative learning in the classroom. The purpose of this study, using the LAS, is to understand whether adult students in cohort-based, degree completion programs experience transformative learning and if it can be associated with learning activities. Students were surveyed and asked to report whether they experienced transformative learning in their educational program, outside of their experience in the program, or not at all