A neutral atom quantum register

We demonstrate the realization of a quantum register using a string of single neutral atoms which are trapped in an optical dipole trap. The atoms are selectively and coherently manipulated in a magnetic field gradient using microwave radiation. Our addressing scheme operates with a high spatial resolution and qubit rotations on individual atoms are performed with 99% contrast. In a final read-out operation we analyze each individual atomic state. Finally, we have measured the coherence time and identified the predominant dephasing mechanism for our register.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Comparative Characteristics of Programming Languages for Solving Crossplatform Problems

The main purpose of cross-platform programming is to create software which will function correctly on different operation systems and hardware platforms. For writing such type of software we use programming languages that have compilers for various platforms (C, C++, Pascal). Besides, we use interpreted languages (Java, Python)

The Cartography of Love in Doris Lessing’s “love, again”

In her late novel, love, again (1996), Doris Lessing represents a penetrative insight of love, providing the widest perspective of love than in any of her previous work. The abundance and variety of plausible les affaires d’amour, which transgress the boundaries of gender, age, geography, and social status, make love, again Lessing’s most “loveful” novel. The narrative responds to this multiplicity accordingly. The essay explores the theme of romantic love of the central female character, Sarah Durham, who is at the centre of the narrative and whose emotional landscape is meticulously mapped. It also aims to unveil the ways Doris Lessing exploits a longstanding tradition of interpreting love in Western philosophy and culture – from Plato to contemporary theorists, including Alain Badiou. Special attention is paid to the interweaving of love and friendship in the relationship of woman and man as well as friendship’s “healing” power for unrequited love encapsulated in the character of Stephen Ellington-Smith. Also, by tracing the transformative impulse of love, the essay tries to bring light on the constructive (in the case of Sarah) and problematic (Stephen) consequences of love

“A Long Interior Journey” of Kate Brown as Border Crossing: Gender, Age, and Class in Doris Lessing’s “The Summer Before the Dark”

The essay collection Doris Lessing: Border Crossings (2009), claims the writer’s persistent impulse to cross borders of all kinds – gender, maternity, class, ideology, geography, etc., and explores the impact it has on Lessing’s novels and autobiography. It therefore offers a new critical and theoretical approach that revises a traditional methodological paradigm of Lessing studies. This article extends the field of exploration by examining the transgressions of borders in the author’s novel of 1973 The Summer Before the Dark. Despite the extensive scholarship on the writer over the last years this novel remains among those which are less explored. However, it is relevant to the new theoretical scheme suggested by the authors of the volume. A central protagonist, Kate Brown, breaks restrictive gender and age codes as she is moving into “the darkness” of her new life order. The controversy of this move is announced in the title of the novel but towards its end the text suggests a transformation that enables the heroine to revise her agency inside and outside the domestic space, at the same time, through a set of narrative techniques and imagery, it problematises such a change

The R&D Spillovers, Innovation and Knowledge-based Economy

The R&D processes generate knowledge and enhance innovation activity. Knowledge and ideas developed by one agent may spill over to and can be used for economic and acquired by other agents. The results of these processes are known as the R&D spillover effects. Factors, that have influence on innovation diffusion, and determine the place of the R&D spillovers in knowledge-based economy have been investigated in the article. The definition and types of knowledge have been examined. The relationship between the R&D cooperation, different types of knowledge, knowledge spillovers and innovation have been traced. The main objectives of the paper are to consider the concept of the R&D spillovers and connection between different types of knowledge and the R&D spillover effects. Systematic comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of the scientific literature have been carried out in order to create the theoretical background of the research of the R&D spillovers and innovation

The Nature and Extent of Informal Economy in Post-Crisis Ukraine.

The right to decent work for everyone is widely recognized globally. However, informal economy is still considered one of the major concerns across the Europe. It has been linked to the drain in tax and social security contributions. Present paper investigates the nature and extent of the informal economy in post-crisis Ukraine using a mixed-method research approach. A better understanding of the diverse nature of the informal sector can assist the development of a more comprehensive policy, while promoting enhanced working conditions and pay in the Ukrainian formal economy. Primary data collection was conducted from 200 surveys in late 2009 and early 2010. This study finds that the informal sector incorporates simultaneously different theoretical discourses of the informal economy in Ukraine. The informal economy in Ukraine is highly intertwined and interdependent within the formal one.We find that the amount of informally self-employed people has doubled after financial downturn of the 2008-2009 in Ukraine. This study confirms the assumption that women have higher incidence of the informal waged work

Precision preparation of strings of trapped neutral atoms

We have recently demonstrated the creation of regular strings of neutral caesium atoms in a standing wave optical dipole trap using optical tweezers [Y. Miroshnychenko et al., Nature, in press (2006)]. The rearrangement is realized atom-by-atom, extracting an atom and re-inserting it at the desired position with sub-micrometer resolution. We describe our experimental setup and present detailed measurements as well as simple analytical models for the resolution of the extraction process, for the precision of the insertion, and for heating processes. We compare two different methods of insertion, one of which permits the placement of two atoms into one optical micropotential. The theoretical models largely explain our experimental results and allow us to identify the main limiting factors for the precision and efficiency of the manipulations. Strategies for future improvements are discussed.Comment: 25 pages, 18 figure

Фразеологічні одиниці як засоби компресії стислого масмедійного українського тексту (Idioms as means of Ukrainian compressed mass media texts)

У статті досліджується проблема конденсації інформації у стислому мас-медійному українському тексті, а саме: з’ясовується роль фразеологічних одиниць у компресії повідомлюваного. На матеріалі стислих текстів проаналізовано компресуючий потенціал фразеологізмів та здійснено спробу їх класифікації як засобів стиснення тексту. Доводиться, що не всі ідіоми мають високий потенціал для компресії мас-медійного повідомлення, а найвищим потенціалом володіють модифіковані фразеологізми. (The problems of compressed text are very important for modern Ukrainian mass-media discourse. The issues of rational representation and pragmatic approach to information are relevant today because of information space overload in massmedia. The idioms play one of the important roles in text compression process. The problem of compression potential of idioms hasn’t been investigated completely in Ukrainian mass-media discourse yet. The aim of this article is to enlighten the role and functioning of idioms as means of text condensation of Ukrainian mass-media compressed text. This paper deals with some peculiarities of idioms and their functions in text condensation. The investigation of the compression potential of the idioms has shown that some idioms have higher potential than other. They have wider information content and semantic meaning under their formal structure. The modified idioms are the most effective means of condensation in compressed text because new elements give new meanings to idiom content. The research is attempted to classify the idioms according to compression potential. Idioms as means of information condensation assist in reducing efforts, time, space for making up a text in mass-media. Further investigations should deal with analyses of other means of compressed text.