Urban Land Use Planning

Published in: Origin Spatial Development of Contemporary Poland in Łódź University Geographical Research, edited by T.MarszałUrban land-use planning is still one of the key questions in research conducted by the Faculty of Geography at the University of Łódź. The particular character of works conducted in Łódź derives from the strong emphasis which is put on their practical application; the basis of many publications is the need to solve emerging practical problems. It also means constant cooperation with local administration, urban planners and other people involved in the practical activity, which is easier thanks to the fact that many members of the local administration staff are graduates from the Faculty of Geography in Łódź. A serious difficulty in preparing this chapter laid in choosing appropriate publications which, due to the limited capacity, were chosen subjectively and selectively, and were classified ambiguously. An indisputable gap was left in reference to the data and research results that had never been published. Nevertheless, they constitute a great number of works created by staff members of the Faculty of Geography, adding up to over 30%. 1 It is also worth mentioning that many studies have been carried out as responses to particular needs of certain organizations, or ordered by local or national administration, as well as state institutions involved in land-use planning in Poland. The cooperation is usually temporary, based on handling particular works and achieving specific goals. They result in preparing e.g. development strategies (e.g. in towns of Inowrocław and Uniejów), projects of new administrative division (dividing Łódź into local units, delimitation of the Łódź Voivodship), land use inventory (e.g. in Aleksandrów Łódzki), city revitalisation conceptions (e.g. Pabianice), experts’ reports on changing administrative borders (Szadek, Skierniewice), cooperation of metropolitan areas (Łódź and Warsaw) and many more. Undoubtedly, the above proves the great value of the competences of the Faculty of Geography staff members

Robust Monetary Policy In A Linear Model Of The Polish Economy: Is The Uncertainty In The Model Responsible For The Interest Rate Smoothing Effect?

Estimates of the generalised Taylor rule suggest that monetary policy in Poland can be characterized as having reacted in a moderate fashion to output and in ation gaps and are strongly dependent on the lagged interest rate. Moreover, as for the majority of central banks the short-term rate paths are smooth and only gradual changes can be observed. Optimal monetary policy models in the linear-quadratic framework produce high variability of interest rates, and are hence inconsistent with the data. One can obtain gradual behaviour of optimal monetary policy by adding an interest rate smoothing term to the central bank objective. This heuristic procedure has not much substantiation in the central bank's targets and raises the question: What are the rational reasons for the gradual movements in the monetary policy instrument? In this paper we determine optimal monetary polices in a VAR model of the Polish economy with parameter uncertainty. By incorporating a proper structure of multiplicative uncertainty in the linear-quadratic model of the Polish economy we nd a data consistent robust monetary policy rule. Thus proving that parameter uncertainty can be the rationale for "timid" movements in the short-interest rate dynamics. Finally, we show that there is trade o between parameter uncertainty and the interest rate smoothing incentive

Multinational Cultural Heritage In The Landscape Of Contemporary Poland

Published in: Society and Space in Contemporary Poland in Łódź University Geographical Research, edited by T.MarszałIt should also be noted that in recent years, we have been noticing the foreign influences and have not been bothered by the non-Polish elements. We can find as many foreign traces in Polish cultural landscape, as there are Polish elements all over Europe and often far away from it. Both are parts of the same world cultural heritage that is so hard to classify or include in just one culture. Poland has more than a 1000-year history of statehood, which left a number of marks in the land. Many of its historic buildings can be found in the UNESCO World Heritage List, which shows how influential cultures of different countries are on the overall European culture. The presence of many Polish monuments in the UNESCO list makes us proud, but also shows how countries unite and appreciate each other’s heritage

Macroeconomic conditions of pay in Polish economy in 1990-2007

There are many factors which influence salaries. The aim of this survey is to present salary stimulants of macroeconomic character. Those include GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate, cost of work, protective package (unemployment benefit), efficiency, legislation protecting employees' rights and legislation regulating employment relations. Each of these macroeconomic issues determine the level of salaries to a different extent. While analysing relations between those stimulants we should not jump to wrong conclusions explaining salary levels

Distinguishing short and long FermiFermi gamma-ray bursts

Two classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short and long, have been determined without any doubts, and are usually ascribed to different progenitors, yet these classes overlap for a variety of descriptive parameters. A subsample of 46 long and 22 short $Fermi$ GRBs with estimated Hurst Exponents (HEs), complemented by minimum variability time-scales (MVTS) and durations ($T_{90}$) is used to perform a supervised Machine Learning (ML) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. It is found that while $T_{90}$ itself performs very well in distinguishing short and long GRBs, the overall success ratio is higher when the training set is complemented by MVTS and HE. These results may allow to introduce a new (non-linear) parameter that might provide less ambiguous classification of GRBs.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; matches the before-proof version accepted for publication in MNRA