Youth labour market integration in Spain: the connection between search time, job duration and skill-mismatch

In the last years, young workers in Spain have faced great difficulties to find and maintain a job. Using the ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey (2nd quarter, 2000), this paper ana lyses the transition process from school to work for a sample of Spanish youngsters who left education, for the first time, after 1990. We allow the search period after completing education, the duration at first significant job, and the probability of being under-educated at that job, to be connected in a system of simultaneous equations which is estimated by maximum likelihood. The results suggest that employment duration is negatively correlated with the length of the search period. Furthermore, we observe unobserved factors affecting, at the same time, search duration, the probability of being under-educated and employment duratio

Self-employment and labour market transitions: a multiple state model

In this paper we estimate a multiple state transition model for the UK describing transitions in and out three possible labour market states: self-employment, paid employment and unemployment. This enables us to assess the effect of demographic characteristics as well as time changing economics conditions on the probabilities of exiting and entering each different state. A reduced form model is estimated allowing for unobservable individual heterogeneity. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a deterioration of the labour market conditions generating an increase in the self-employment rates in adverse economic conditions. However unemployment duration generates a loss on human capital that reduce the probabilities of switching to self-employment. It appears also that -family background and education play and important role in determining the transition probabilities. Medium level educated individuals are the most likely to become self-employed

YOUTH LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION IN SPAIN: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SEARCH TIME, JOB DURATION AND SKILL-MISMATCH

In the last years, young workers in Spain have faced great difficulties to find and maintain a job. Using the ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey (2nd quarter, 2000), this paper ana lyses the transition process from school to work for a sample of Spanish youngsters who left education, for the first time, after 1990. We allow the search period after completing education, the duration at first significant job, and the probability of being under-educated at that job, to be connected in a system of simultaneous equations which is estimated by maximum likelihood. The results suggest that employment duration is negatively correlated with the length of the search period. Furthermore, we observe unobserved factors affecting, at the same time, search duration, the probability of being under-educated and employment duration

“Low-wage Employment and Mobility in Spain”

The issue of low-wage workers has received increased interest during last decades in many European countries. In this paper I analyse the patterns of low-wage employment in the Spanish labour market. Using a sample of Spanish workers extracted from the European Community Household Panel for the period 1995-2001, I first analyse the earnings distribution as a whole, looking at the characteristics of low, medium and high paid jobs. I also look at the evolution of these jobs over the period 1995-2001. Furthermore, I examine the determinants of being in a low-paid job using an analytical framework that is characterised by the ability to account for the endogeneity of initial conditions. Finally, I explore the effects of low pay on job mobility. For this purpose I adopt an approach based on competing risks in order to allow for different risks of failure.Low-wage employment; job mobility; competing risks

Youth labour market integration in Spain: the connection between search time, job duration and skill-mismatch.

In the last years, young workers in Spain have faced great difficulties to find and maintain a job. Using the ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey (2nd quarter, 2000), this paper ana lyses the transition process from school to work for a sample of Spanish youngsters who left education, for the first time, after 1990. We allow the search period after completing education, the duration at first significant job, and the probability of being under-educated at that job, to be connected in a system of simultaneous equations which is estimated by maximum likelihood. The results suggest that employment duration is negatively correlated with the length of the search period. Furthermore, we observe unobserved factors affecting, at the same time, search duration, the probability of being under-educated and employment duration

A note on "Relaxation Oscillators with Exact Limit Cycles"

In this note we give a family of planar polynomial differential systems with a prescribed hyperbolic limit cycle. This family constitutes a corrected and wider version of an example given in the work of M.A. Abdelkader entitled ``Relaxation Oscillators with Exact Limit Cycles'', which appeared in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 218 (1998), 308--312. The result given in this note may be used to construct models of Li\'enard differential equations exhibiting a desired limit cycle.Comment: 8 pages, no figure

Transversal conics and the existence of limit cycles

This paper deals with the problem of location and existence of limit cycles for real planar polynomial differential systems. We provide a method to construct Poincar\'e--Bendixson regions by using transversal conics. We present several examples of known systems in the literature showing different features about limit cycles: hyperbolicity, Hopf bifurcation, sky-blue bifurcation, rotated vector fields, \ldots for which the obtained Poincar\'e--Bendixson region allows to locate the limit cycles. Our method gives bounds for the bifurcation values of parametrical families of planar vector fields and intervals of existence of limit cycles.Comment: 28 pages; 20 figure