Ethical Aspects of Geography Teaching - Values education in high-school geography lessons

This paper examines the ethical aspects of teaching geography in high school. Attention is focused on valuation, which is an integral part of both teaching geography and ethics. The thesis explains the concepts of character and conscience and presents the theory of moral development of pupils according to Lawrence Kohlberg and developmental psychology. It also provides amethodology for dealing with values in geography teaching according to Lambert and Balderstone. It is divided into five main access routes. First, values inculcation, secondly, values analysis, third, moral reasoning, fourth, values clarification, and fifth, action learning. In the third chapter this thesis presents an analysis of the values contained in the School Act, the White Book, and above all in the RVP G, which is the values that are binding for secondary school education. In the chapter four, a questionnaire examines geographic topics that teachers consider ethically sensitive. The highest ethical sensitivity was found in the racial issue, migration, religion, the political order in the world, and the cutting down of tropical rainforests. Differences in the assessment of ethical sensitivity between men and women, and between teachers and students have been identified. The fifth chapter designs four geography lessons. Their...Předložená práce zkoumá etické aspekty výuky geografie na střední škole. Pozornost je zaměřena na hodnocení, které je jak integrální součástí výuky geografie, tak etiky. Práce vysvětluje postupně pojmy charakter a svědomí a předkládá teorii morálního vývoje žáků podle Lawrence Kohlberga. Dále přináší metodiku práce s hodnotami ve výuce geografie podle Lamberta a Balderstona. Metodika je rozdělena na pět hlavních přístupových cest. Zaprvé, vštěpování hodnot, zadruhé, analyzování hodnot, zatřetí, morální uvažování, za čtvrté, ujasňování si (vlastních) hodnot a za páté, učení se jednání. Ve třetí kapitole práce předkládá analýzu hodnot obsažených ve Školském zákoně, Bílé knize a především v RVP G, tedy hodnot, které jsou pro výuku na střední škole závazné. V další kapitole práce vyhodnocuje dotazník, který zjišťoval, která geografická témata středoškolští učitelé považují za eticky citlivá. Nejvyšší etická citlivost byla zjištěna u rasového složení populace, migrace, náboženství, politického uspořádání světa a kácení tropických deštných lesů. Byly zjištěny rozdíly v hodnocení etické citlivosti mezi muži a ženami a mezi studenty učitelství a učiteli z praxe. Syntézou všeho výše zmíněného jsou konkrétní návrhy výukových hodin geografie. Jejich hlavním cílem je rozvíjet morální hodnocení a charakter...Department of Social Geography and Regional Develop.Katedra sociální geografie a region. rozvojeFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

The regional differentiation of religiozity in Czechia by Census in 2011

Bakalářská práce si klade za cíl zobrazit a popsat vnitřní regionální diferenciaci skupiny věřících v Česku podle výsledků SLDB 2011. Předpokladem je, že prostorová diferenciace věřících v Česku je nerovnoměrná jak v celkovém podílu věřících na obyvatelstvu, tak uvnitř samotné skupiny věřících. První část práce se snaží uchopit komplexní skutečnost náboženství. Dále vyjmenovává a krátce popisuje základní pojmy a teorie v sociologii a geografii náboženství, vysvětlující procesy probíhající v současné společnosti. Mezi tyto procesy patří sekularizace, deprivatizace náboženství, teorie racionální náboženské volby a implicitní náboženství. Krátce je shrnut geografický diskurs ohledně regionální diferenciace Česka podle náboženské víry. Druhá část práce je věnována rozdělení výsledků SLDB 2011 do skupin a agregátů podle odpovědí na otázku po náboženské víře. Věřící byli rozděleni na věřící s přináležením a věřící bez přináležení. Pro vnitřní strukturaci skupiny věřících s přináležením byly zvoleny parametry náboženská tradice, typ náboženské instituce a nejpočetnější zápisy. Dále byla vnitřně rozčleněna skupina křesťanů podle typu křesťanské tradice. K zobrazení prostorové diferenciace věřících a vývoje religiozity byly sestrojeny index koncentrace a index vývoje. Index koncentrace vyjadřuje, jak se...This bachelor work aims to portray and describe the inner regional differentiation of the group of believers in Bohemia according to the findings of population census 2011. The hypothesis is that the spatial differentiation of believers in Czechia is uneven in both, the total proportion of believers for inhabitants and in the group of believers itself. The first part of the work tries to handle the complex reality of religion. It also mentions and describes briefly the basic terms and theories in sociology and geography of religion explaining religious processes taking place in the present-day society. Among these processes there are secularization, deprivatization of religion, theory of rational religious choice and implicit religion. The geographical discourse concerning regional differentiation of Bohemia according to religion is summarized briefly. The second part of the work is devoted to the classification of the population census 2011 results into groups and aggregates according to the answers to the query about religion. Believers were classified into believers with belonging and believers without belonging. For the inner structure of the group of believers with belonging the parameters of religious tradition, a type of religious institution and the most numerous records were chosen....Department of Social Geography and Regional Develop.Katedra sociální geografie a region. rozvojePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Wireless Video Capsule Enteroscopy in Preclinical Studies: Methodical Design of Its Applicability in Experimental Pigs

The aim of this project was to develop a methodology to introduce wireless video capsule endoscopy in preclinical research. Five mature female pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were selected for the study. Capsule endoscopes (the EndoCapsule system; Olympus) were introduced into the duodenum endoscopically in each of the animals. The life span of batteries (i.e., total time of endoscopy recording) was 487–540 min (median 492 min). The capsule endoscope reached the cecum during enteroscopy once (after 7 h 57 min), in the remaining cases, endoscopy recordings terminated in the distal or terminal ileum. All capsule enteroscopies found a normal pattern of the small intestine. The intestinal lumen is narrower, transverse folds are sparse or even absent, villi are wider but less prominent in pigs compared to humans. Capsule endoscopy in experimental pigs will be helpful for future trials on injury of different drugs and xenobiotics to the small bowel

Whipple’s Disease: Our Own Experience and Review of the Literature

Whipple’s disease is a chronic infectious systemic disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. Nondeforming arthritis is frequently an initial complaint. Gastrointestinal and general symptoms include marked diarrhoea (with serious malabsorption), abdominal pain, prominent weight loss, and low-grade fever. Possible neurologic symptoms (up to 20%) might be associated with worse prognosis. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture and small intestinal histology revealing foamy macrophages containing periodic-acid-Schiff- (PAS-) positive material. Long-term (up to one year) antibiotic therapy provides a favourable outcome in the vast majority of cases. This paper provides review of the literature and an analysis of our 5 patients recorded within a 20-year period at a tertiary gastroenterology centre. Patients were treated using i.v. penicillin G or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid + i.v. gentamicin for two weeks, followed by p.o. doxycycline (100 mg per day) plus p.o. salazopyrine (3 g per day) for 1 year. Full remission was achieved in all our patients

Preclinical electrogastrography in experimental pigs

Surface electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive means of recording gastric myoelectric activity or slow waves from cutaneous leads placed over the stomach. This paper provides a comprehensive review of preclinical EGG. Our group recently set up and worked out the methods for EGG in experimental pigs. We gained our initial experience in the use of EGG in assessment of porcine gastric myoelectric activity after volume challenge and after intragastric administration of itopride and erythromycin. The mean dominant frequency in pigs is comparable with that found in humans. EGG in experimental pigs is feasible. Experimental EGG is an important basis for further preclinical projects in pharmacology and toxicology

Body indices and basic vital signs in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative persons

It has been hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection may contribute to reduced stature, risk of hypertension or obesity. The aim was to evaluate body indices in Hp positive and negative persons. A total of 2436 subjects (4–100 years old) were tested for Hp status by 13Curea breath test. Data on height and weight were collected for 84%, and blood pressure for 80% of the study subjects. The prevalence of Hp infection was 41.6%. The odds ratio for a 10-year increase in age was 1.21 (95% CI 1.17–1.25, p-value <0.001). Statistically significant negative association of Hp positivity with body height was most pronounced in the younger age groups, while a positive association of Hp positivity with body mass index was only seen in those aged 15+ years. There was a negative effect of Hp positivity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subjects below 25 and a relatively strong positive effect on blood pressure in subjects over 65 years. Residual confounding by social characteristics as a possible explanation for the associations of Hp positivity with height and blood pressure cannot be excluded. Unmeasured factors related to social and family environment may cause the apparent association between Hp positivity and children’s growth and blood pressure