An Environmental Scan of Settlement Services for the Integration of Refugee Youth in Southwestern Ontario

This environmental scan presents an overview of the settlement services and programs provided to refugee youth in Ontario for their integration and well-being. The settlement experiences of refugee youth, their needs and challenges, represent a burgeoning aspect of refugee integration studies. However, little attention has been paid to available settlement services within refugee integration studies. Since the facilitators and barriers pertaining to the integration of refugee youth are relatively well-documented, this environmental scan gathers and interprets information on the range of available settlement services and programs in respect to the indicators of integration for refugee youth in the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, London, and Hamilton, Ontario. Their needs were categorized into four key indicators of integration—education, employment, social context, and health and wellness—and then these indicators were used to analyze the available settlement services. Key findings revealed that the most common programs were settlement information and referrals as well as counselling and support programs, whereas LGBTQ+ programs were the least common. Furthermore, the need for more disaggregate data on this demographic was a challenge encountered during the scan. The significance of this environmental scan and its implications for future research, including practice and policy, are also discussed. Keywords: Refugee youth, (re)settlement services and programs, integration, newcomer

An Issue of Invocability of Provisions of the WTO Covered Agreements before Domestic Courts

Dr. Ramesh Karky, SJD graduate from Golden Gate University School of Law, is currently a Post- Doctoral Associate at the University Of Western Ontario Faculty Of Law in London, Canada. Prior to joining the University of Western Ontario, Dr. Karky was working as a WTO/IP Consultant on USAID projects in Iraq. Dr. Karky has also worked as an expert to the UNCTAD technical assistance project: “Nepal\u27s Accession to the WTO.” He also served as a National Program Manager on two UNDP projects: Rule of Law and Strengthening Judiciary Programmes. In addition, Dr. Karky practiced law as an Advocate for several years and taught Public International Law and Administrative Law in Nepal

An Issue of Invocability of Provisions of the WTO Covered Agreements Before Domestic Courts

This paper examines and covers relevant provisions of the Uruguay Round Agreements and laws of Nepal, provides arguments favoring and opposing invocability and non-invocability, analyzes the constitutionality and validity of Nepal’s accession to the WTO, the direct applicability of the Uruguay Round Agreements in Nepal’s internal law, and the invocability of the provisions of the Uruguay Round Agreements before the courts of Nepal, and finally draws conclusion on the issue

The economics of reducing emissions from community managed forests in Nepal Himalaya

The climate change agenda is more important in global politics today than ever\ud before. This research set out to examine whether community forest management\ud (CFM) can play a signifi cant role in reducing global emissions, by taking Nepal’s\ud community forestry sector as a case. The thesis selects three community managed\ud forests in Nepal’s Himalaya region to investigate the extent to which management\ud of such forests by the local communities can successfully contribute towards\ud reducing global atmospheric CO2 concentration (Chapter 1). The results of this\ud analysis are used to make policy recommendations as regards the formulation of\ud the new climate treaty that is expected to replace the Kyoto Protocol (KP) after\ud 2012.\ud The thesis shows that climate change can be viewed essentially as a market\ud failure and explains that, as a result, global efforts to mitigate this change are\ud also based on market mechanisms. It is certainly expected that the new treaty to\ud replace the KP will be also market oriented. Climate is a global public good or\ud common resource that requires international management, so the nations have\ud jointly developed the KP to combat the dangers of climate change by regulating\ud emissions. This has largely been done through a cap-and-trade mechanism. This\ud limits the emission levels a country or an industry can emit and then allows\ud individual countries or fi rms to buy and sell credits

Nepal\u27s Accession to WTO and Nepalese Legislation Required to Give Effect to WTO Covered Agreements

Nepal\u27s obligation of bringing its national legislation in conformity with the WTO Covered Agreements is one of the greatest challenges faced by Nepal. Here, for the purpose of our study, the coverage of the WTO Covered Agreements includes the WTO Agreement particularly Article :XVI:4, the Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods, General Agreement on Trade in Services and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.60 This dissertation will focus on Nepal\u27s accession to the WTO and examine Nepalese laws to be revised, amended or enacted to give effect to WTO Covered Agreements. This dissertation is divided into four Chapters for the convenient presentation of the subject matter

Nepal\u27s Accession to WTO and Nepalese Legislation Required to Give Effect to WTO Covered Agreements

Nepal\u27s obligation of bringing its national legislation in conformity with the WTO Covered Agreements is one of the greatest challenges faced by Nepal. Here, for the purpose of our study, the coverage of the WTO Covered Agreements includes the WTO Agreement particularly Article :XVI:4, the Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods, General Agreement on Trade in Services and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.60 This dissertation will focus on Nepal\u27s accession to the WTO and examine Nepalese laws to be revised, amended or enacted to give effect to WTO Covered Agreements. This dissertation is divided into four Chapters for the convenient presentation of the subject matter

Trademark Under the Nepalese Legal System: A Comparative Study with the TRIPS Agreement

As trademark is vital to the promotion of trade and the protection of consumer interest, a study on the protection of trademarks will be meaningful. The norms of trademark protection prescribed in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as \u27\u27TRIPS\u27\u27) are internationally recognized as standard. In this paper, Nepalese trademark laws will be studied and compared with the minimum standards prescribed by the TRIPS. This study will suggest a few recommendations for further promotion and protection of trademarks in Nepal

Trademark Under the Nepalese Legal System: A Comparative Study with the TRIPS Agreement

As trademark is vital to the promotion of trade and the protection of consumer interest, a study on the protection of trademarks will be meaningful. The norms of trademark protection prescribed in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as \u27\u27TRIPS\u27\u27) are internationally recognized as standard. In this paper, Nepalese trademark laws will be studied and compared with the minimum standards prescribed by the TRIPS. This study will suggest a few recommendations for further promotion and protection of trademarks in Nepal

Agriculture Under Threat - A Crisis of Confidence? The Solution: Redefine Adventitious Presence Maximum Levels from Zero to Zero++

The issue of Adventitious Presence (AP) of genes, those that are not “naturally” present in food and crops but rather have been placed there using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology, has become a hot issue for producers and consumers. It can also be a major problem for exporters. Part of this problem is the reality that zero presence is now impossible to guarantee in some crops and products. Pressure has arisen to establish a Low Level Presence (LLP) threshold, one that is above zero, to be determined at an international level. This would allow crops to be imported and exported without the AP genes being approved in the importing country if they are approved in another country. The reality of biotechnological innovation in crops is that it is inevitable that there will be gene “flow” between varieties. This article examines the background of AP, the current state of policy and legislation, and why this has become contentious for producers, importers and exporters. This article examines the Canadian position towards AP as an illustration of a nation that produces many agricultural products based on genetically modified crops

The impact of the blockade in creating and strengthening dominant positions that may violate the competition law in Qatar

بدأت آثار الحصار الذي فرضته بعض الدول على دولة قطر تظهر ملامحه عن قرب. واحدة من هذه الآثار هي ما نتج عن إغلاق للحدود البرية والجوية من قطع لتدفق البضائع والمنتجات إلى دولة قطر بهدف إرباك الأسواق وتفريغها من المنتجات وإشاعة الهلع بين المواطنين والمقيمين. مما لا شك فيه أنّ توقّف حركة السّلع والبضائع "من" و"عبر" دول الحصار سيُساهمُ في تقليل الموارد الواردة للشركات القطريّة، وسَيُقلِّلُ كذلك من فرص المنافسة، مِمّا يعني تِباعًا خلق أو تعزيز فرضيّات إنشاء مراكز مهيمنة قد تكون مخالفة لقانون المنافسة إذا أسيء استغلال هذه المراكز المهيمنة. لكلّ ذلك؛ لا بد من بيان الدور الجوهري الذي يلعبه الحصار في خلق وتعزيز المراكز المهيمنة، مع إبراز الدور الواجب اتّخاذه من طرف سلطات المنافسة في دولة قطر لمنع إساءة استغلال هذه المراكز بما يُخالف القانون لقطري لحماية المنافسة ومنع الممارسات الاحتكارية.The features of the effects of the blockade imposed by some countries on the State of Qatar have begun to show. One of these effects is the results of the land, sea and air blockade from the disruption of the flow of goods and products to the State of Qatar in order to disrupt the markets, unload them of products, and spread panic among citizens and residents. Undoubtedly, the cessation of the transaction of goods and products “from” and “through” the blockading states may contribute to reducing the resources received by the Qatari market and will reduce the chances of competition. This will lead to creating or strengthening the presumptions of establishing dominant positions that may be contrary to the competition law if these dominant positions were abused. Thus, the fundamental role played by the blockade in creating and strengthening dominant positions must be clarified, while highlighting the role to be taken by the competition authorities in the State of Qatar to prevent the misuse of these positions in contravention of the Qatari law of Protection of Competition and Prevention of Monopolistic Practices