The relationship between speed factors and agility in sport games

This study deals with the issue of various understanding of the term “agility”, mainly within the context of team sport games. Under this term complex psychomotor abilities are understood. Their development requires a high degree of neuro-muscular specificity. The development of these abilities are underpinned also by perceptual components including also anticipation and decision-making processes. Authors point to the importance of agility in sport games. They stress the fact that the speed of movement is only one of the components of the complex motor ability called agility. Based on the theoretical analysis authors carried out measurements of basic factors of speed abilities and agility in 14-17-year-old basketball, volleyball and soccer players (n=56). The results showed that no statistical differences were observed in the level of agility tested by Fitro agility test (basketball - p=0.189; volleyball - p=0.949; soccer - p=0.832). Spearmann rank correlation test showed that no significant correlation (p=0.786; p > 0.05) was found between the results of Fitro agility test and Illinois test measuring speed abilities. The results suggest that agility is not simply one of speed abilities. Besides simple reaction speed, acceleration, deceleration accompanied by the change of direction of movement it comprises also perceptual components determined by complex reaction to unexpected, changeable stimuli occurring during a sport game

Affinity Biosensors for Detection Immunoglobulin E and Cellular Prions. Antibodies vs. DNA Aptamers

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimImmunosensors for detection of proteins are of high importance for medical diagnostics. There exists continuous effort in their development using new methods of antibody immobilizations at the various surfaces including novel nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, dendrimers and combination of these materials with nanoparticles of various origin. At the same time as an alternative to antibodies DNA or RNA aptamers are considered as novel receptors during last 2 decades. In contrast with antibodies aptamers are more flexible and stable, allowing various chemical modification without lost of their sensitivity. This review compares the properties of existing immuno- and aptasensors for detection human immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cellular prions (PrPC). It has been shown, that both immuno- and aptasensors are of comparable sensitivity and selectivity that depends on the method of receptor immobilization and detection

Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assembles involving DNA as a platform for DNA sensors

The development of DNA-sensors has become significantly important in the past decades due to prospects of application in medicine, biotechnology and exploring fundamental problems related to cell biology and DNA functioning. Layer-by-layer (LbL) immobilization provides unique approach to the implementation of DNA into the surface sensing layers, a crucial step of DNA-sensor development. The review considers main aspects of LbL assembling in DNA-sensor development and application for the detection of complementary oligonucleotides and DNA damage assessment. Besides, electrostatic assembling due to stepwise accumulation of oppositely charged layers, various combinations of covalent binding and affine immobilization are also considered. The characteristics of DNA containing multilayers onto the solid support and the effect of the immobilization techniques and layers assembled on the performance of appropriate DNAsensors are summarized for different target analytes. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd

Electrochemical DNA sensors and aptasensors based on electropolymerized materials and polyelectrolyte complexes

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. DNA sensors based on oligonucleotides and aptamers immobilized using electropolymerization and layer-by-layer assembling are reviewed. The conditions of electropolymerization and the role of electrosynthesized layers are considered for polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenazines and their derivatives with particular attention to immobilization of bioreceptors and signal detection principles. The performance of DNA sensors for hybridization detection and for the determination of low-molecular intercalators and DNA damaging factors is reviewed. Besides, the composition of polyelectrolyte complexes utilizing DNA receptors are considered depending on the analyte nature and functions of polyionic components and auxiliary reagents used for surface layer coatings

Electrochemical DNA sensors and aptasensors based on electropolymerized materials and polyelectrolyte complexes

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.DNA sensors based on oligonucleotides and aptamers immobilized using electropolymerization and layer-by-layer assembling are reviewed. The conditions of electropolymerization and the role of electrosynthesized layers are considered for polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenazines and their derivatives with particular attention to immobilization of bioreceptors and signal detection principles. The performance of DNA sensors for hybridization detection and for the determination of low-molecular intercalators and DNA damaging factors is reviewed. Besides, the composition of polyelectrolyte complexes utilizing DNA receptors are considered depending on the analyte nature and functions of polyionic components and auxiliary reagents used for surface layer coatings

Tankoslojna podloga za dvoslojeve lipida

A strip thin-film support consisting of compact or planar interdigitated array electrodes and glass substrate is presented. A novel method of forming of s-BLM on the thin metallic film (sl-BLM) has been developed. Electromechanical characteristics of BLM were studied and the measured value of elasticity modulus perpendicular to the bilayer plane was found to change considerably with increasing dc voltage. The presented results evidence the fact that the values of E^ are are strongly influenced by the degree of roughness of the metal surface. It is shown that sl-BLM modified by electron carrier can be used as a simple pH sensor.Opisuje se podloga u obliku tanke trake koja se sastoji od nizova kompaktnih ili ravnih elektroda i staklene osnove. Razvijena je nova metoda pripreme dvoslojne lipidne membrane (s-BLM) na tankom metalnom sloju (sl-BLM). Proučavana su elektromehanička svojstva BLM i mjeren je modul elastičnosti okomito na površinu dvosloja za koji se ustanovilo da se znatno mijenja s DC naponom. Izloženi rezultati ukazuju da na vrijednosti elastičnog modula E⊥ jako utječe stupanj neravnosti površine metala. Izmijenjen sl-BLM može se upotrebljavati kao jednostavna pH proba

Impedimetric determination of kanamycin in milk with aptasensor based on carbon black‐oligolactide composite

The determination of antibiotics in food is important due to their negative effect on human health related to antimicrobial resistance problem, renal toxicity, and allergic effects. We propose an impedimetric aptasensor for the determination of kanamycin A (KANA), which was assembled on the glassy carbon electrode by the deposition of carbon black in a chitosan matrix followed by carbodiimide binding of aminated aptamer mixed with oligolactide derivative of thiacalix[4]arene in a cone configuration. The assembling was monitored by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In the presence of the KANA, the charge transfer resistance of the inner interface surprisingly decreased with the analyte concentration within 0.7 and 50 nM (limit of detection 0.3 nM). This was attributed to the partial shielding of the negative charge of the aptamer and of its support, a highly porous 3D structure of the surface layer caused by a macrocyclic core of the carrier. The use of electrostatic assembling in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte decreased tenfold the detectable concentration of KANA. The aptasensor was successfully tested in the determination of KANA in spiked milk and yogurt with recoveries within 95% and 115%. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16‐13‐000051/0419/20Funding: I.S. acknowledges financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16‐13‐00005) in the synthesis and application in the biosensor platform of the oligolactides bearing thiacalix[4]arene fragments. T.H. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program underthe Marie Sklodowska‐Curie grant agreement no. 690898 and from the Science Grant Agency VEGA, project No.1/0419/20

The differences in acceleration, maximal speed and agility between soccer, basketball, volleyball and handball players

Complex reaction speed, acceleration, maximum speed, speed of whole-body change of direction and agility represent the basic components of sport performance mainly in sport games and combat sports. However, contradictory findings have been reported as to the extent of the relationship between the different speed and agility components. This study comprised 117 players (soccer – 56, basketball – 17, volleyball – 20, and handball – 24) playing youth leagues U15-U17 who were assessed for 10-m sprint (acceleration), flying 30-m sprint (maximum speed), triple-jump (special explosiveness) performance, Illinois agility test (speed of whole-body change of direction) and Fitro Agility Check (agility). Low (0.112-0.425 in soccer) correlation coefficients between the factors were found in soccer, while in the other sport games they were medium (0.329-0.623 in basketball; 0.414-0.686 in handball) to high (0.569-0.768 in volleyball). Negative relationship was observed between Triple jump and all other tests performances in all sports games. The findings suggest that specific training procedures for each speed and agility component should be utilized already in junior ages

Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Poly(Neutral Red) and Carboxylated Pillar[5]arene for Sensitive Determination of Aflatoxin M1

© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Aptasensor for highly sensitive determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was developed on the base of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) covered with polymeric Neutral red (NR) dye obtained by electropolymerization in the presence of polycarboxylated pillar[5]arene derivative. Aptamer against AFM1 and NR label were then covalently linked to the carboxylic groups of the carrier by carbodiimide binding. At presence of AFM1 the cathodic peak current related to the NR conversion decreases. AFM1 induced also an increase of the charge transfer resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In optimal conditions, this make it possible to determine from 5 to 120 ng/L AFM1 in standard solutions with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng/L. The aptasensor was validated on the spiked samples of cow and sheep milk as well as in kefir after their methanol dilution. Reliable detection of the 40–160 ng/kg of mycotoxins was reached. This is below limited threshold value (50 μg/kg) established in EC

Polyphenothiazine modified electrochemical aptasensor for detection of human α-thrombin

QCM aptasensor for detection human thrombin has been developed on the base of polymeric forms of phenothiazine dyes, Methylene Blue and Methylene Green. Electrostatic accumulation of the analyte in the polyphenothiazine layer made it possible to increase the sensitivity of QCM detection of thrombin in comparison with bare gold electrodes coated with avidin or neutravidin. The influence of nonspecific binding of human serum albumin and the optimal composition of the surface layers were determined. The aptasensors developed make it possible to detect 10-100 nM of thrombin. © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA