Mrs. H. Fristad to Mr. Meredith (15 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/2173/thumbnail.jp

Hypersementose og endodontiske implikasjoner

Hypersementose er forbundet med lokale og systemiske faktorer, men etiologien er ikke godt kartlagt. Vanskeligheter med å bedømme røntgenologisk tykkelse på sementlaget ved hypersementose, vil direkte kunne påvirke beslutning om renselengde og apikalavstand. Endodontisk behandling av hele kanalens lengde blir dermed utfordret. Tenner med hypersementose viser seg å ha varierende grad av forsnevringer i kanalsystemet, apikale resorpsjoner, samt irregulariteter og kompliserte forgreninger i apikalområdet. Rotsementen er også utsatt for bakteriell vekst på grunn av et omfattende nettverk av lakuner, og tenner med hypersementose kan derfor være mer resistente mot endodontisk behandling. Det er lite tilgjengelig informasjon om forekomst av endodontisk sykdom og behandlingsresultat på tenner med hypersementose. Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over temaet hypersementose, og belyser endodontiske problemstillinger knyttet til dette.publishedVersio

Systemic Chemical Desensitization of Peptidergic Sensory Neurons with Resiniferatoxin Inhibits Experimental Periodontitis

Background and objective: The immune system is an important player in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. The brain controls immune responses via neural and hormonal pathways, and brain-neuro-endocrine dysregulation may be a central determinant for pathogenesis. Our current knowledge also emphasizes the central role of sensory nerves. In line with this, we wanted to investigate how desensitization of peptidergic sensory neurons influences the progression of ligatureinduced periodontitis, and, furthermore, how selected cytokine and stress hormone responses to Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation are affected. Material and methods: Resiniferatoxin (RTX; 50 μg/kg) or vehicle was injected subcutaneously on days 1, 2, and 3 in stress high responding and periodontitis-susceptible Fischer 344 rats. Periodontitis was induced 2 days thereafter. Progression of the disease was assessed after the ligatures had been in place for 20 days. Two h before decapitation all rats received LPS (150 μg/kg i.p.) to induce a robust immune and stress response. Results: Desensitization with RTX significantly reduced bone loss as measured by digital X-rays. LPS provoked a significantly higher increase in serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, but lower serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and the stress hormone corticosterone. Conclusions: In this model RTX-induced chemical desensitization of sensory peptidergic neurons attenuated ligatureinduced periodontitis and promoted a shift towards stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine and weaker stress hormone responses to LPS. The results may partly be explained by the attenuated transmission of immuno-inflammatory signals to the brain. In turn, this may weaken the anti-inflammatory brain-derived pathways

Mekanisk rens med et resikrokerende endodontisk filsystem. En laboratoriestudie

Målsettingen med denne studien var å finne ut hvor godt et standardisert resiprokerende filsystem instrumenterer i den apikale delen av rotkanalen i forskjellige tanngrupper. Tretti ekstraherte incisiver, premolarer og molarer ble benyttet. Hver tann ble først instrumentert med WaveOne Gold® og deretter ble det skåret en skive med snittflater tilsvarende 1 og 2 mm fra apeks. Prosent instrumentert areal av totalt kanalareal og instrumentert kanalvegg av total kanalomkrets ble vurdert på 1 og 2 mm-nivå. I tillegg ble filstørrelse som ville gitt en sirkulær kanal beregnet. Instrumentering med filsystemet vil ofte etterlate uinstrumenterte områder i rotkanalen, og i liten grad gi en sirkulær standardisert preparering i den apikale delen av kanalene.publishedVersio

Predictors and Moderators in the Randomized Trial of Multi-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy for Childhood Mood Disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated predictors and moderators of mood symptoms in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Multi-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (MF-PEP) for childhood mood disorders. METHOD: Based on predictors and moderators in RCTs of psychosocial interventions for adolescent mood disorders, we hypothesized that children’s greater functional impairment would predict worse outcome, while children’s stress/trauma history and parental expressed emotion and psychopathology would moderate outcome. Exploratory analyses examined other demographic, functioning, and diagnostic variables. Logistic regression and linear mixed effects modeling were used in this secondary analysis of the MF-PEP RCT of 165 children, ages 8–12, with mood disorders, a majority of whom were male (73%) and White, non-Hispanic (90%). RESULTS: Treatment nonresponse was significantly associated with higher baseline levels of global functioning (i.e., less impairment; Cohen’s d = 0.51) and lower levels of stress/trauma history (d = 0.56) in children and Cluster B personality disorder symptoms in parents (d = 0.49). Regarding moderators, children with moderately impaired functioning who received MF-PEP had significantly decreased mood symptoms (t = 2.10, d = 0.33) compared with waitlist control. MF-PEP had the strongest effect on severely impaired children (t = 3.03, d = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive assessment of demographic, youth, parent, and familial variables should precede intervention. Treatment of mood disorders in high functioning youth without stress/trauma histories and with parents with elevated Cluster B symptoms may require extra therapeutic effort, while severely impaired children may benefit most from MF-PEP

Conditioned media from hypoxic-cultured human dental pulp cells promotes bone healing during distraction osteogenesis

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical procedure used to correct various skeletal disorders. Improving the technique by reducing the healing time would be of clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic and regenerative potential of conditioned media (CMs) collected from human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) grown under different culture conditions. CM collected from cells under hypoxia was used to improve bone healing and the DO procedure in vivo. The angiogenic potentials of CMs collected from hDPCs grown under normoxic (−Nor) and hypoxic (−Hyp) conditions were evaluated by quantitative PCR (VEGF-A, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CXCL12), ELISA assays (VEGF-A, Ang-2), tube-formation and wound-healing assays, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results demonstrated that hypoxic CM had significantly higher angiogenic potential than normoxic CM. Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs) were exposed to CM, followed by alizarin red staining, to assess the osteogenic potential. It was found that CM did not enhance the mineralization capacity of hFOBs. DO was performed in the tibiae of 30 mice, followed by a local injection of 20 µl CM (CM–Nor and CM–Hyp groups) or serum-free DMEM (control group) into the distraction zone every second day. The mice were sacrificed at days 13 and 27. The CM–Hyp treatment revealed a higher X-ray density than the control group (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that the angiogenic effect promoted by hypoxic culture conditions is dependent on VEGF-A and Ang-2 released from hDPCs. Furthermore, CM–Hyp treatment may thus improve the DO procedure, accelerating bone healing. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.publishedVersio

Early-Onset Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: Diagnostic Issues

Since the mid 1990s, early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) have received increased attention in both the popular press and scholarly press. Rates of diagnosis of BPSD in children and adolescents have increased in inpatient, outpatient, and primary care settings. BPSDs remain difficult to diagnose, particularly in youth. The current diagnostic system makes few modifications to accommodate children and adolescents. Researchers in this area have developed specific BPSD definitions that affect the generalizability of their findings to all youth with BPSD. Despite knowledge gains from the research, BPSDs are still difficult to diagnose because clinicians must: (1) consider the impact of the child’s developmental level on symptom presentation (e.g., normative behavior prevalence, environmental limitations on youth behavior, pubertal status, irritability, symptom duration); (2) weigh associated impairment and course of illness (e.g., neurocognitive functioning, failing to meet full DSM criteria, future impairment); and (3) make decisions about appropriate assessment (differentiating BPSD from medical illnesses, medications, drug use, or other psychiatric diagnoses that might better account for symptoms; comorbid disorders; informant characteristics and assessment measures to use). Research findings concerning these challenges and relevant recommendations are offered. Areas for further research to guide clinicians’ assessment of children with early-onset BPSD are highlighted

Osteogenic stimulatory conditions enhance growth and maturation of endothelial cell microvascular networks in culture with mesenchymal stem cells

To optimize culture conditions for in vitro prevascularization of tissue-engineered bone constructs, the development of organotypic blood vessels under osteogenic stimulatory conditions (OM) was investigated. Coculture of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells was used to assess proangiogenic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on endothelial cells. Four different culture conditions were evaluated for their effect on development of microvascular endothelial cell networks. Mineralization, deposition of extracellular matrix, and perivascular gene expression were studied in OM. After 3 days, endothelial cells established elongated capillary-like networks, and upregulated expression of vascular markers was seen. After 15 days, all parameters evaluated were significantly increased for cultures in OM. Mature networks developed in OM presented lumens enveloped by basement membrane-like collagen IV, with obvious mineralization and upregulated perivascular gene expression from mesenchymal stem cells. Our results suggest osteogenic stimulatory conditions to be appropriate for in vitro development of vascularized bone implants for tissue engineering