Diurnal Time-Activity Budgets Of Schoolmaster Snapper (Lutjanus Apodus) In South Water Caye Marine Reserve (Belize)

Diurnal time-activity budgets from a sample of 588 schoolmaster snapper (Lu^\u27anus apodus. Family Lutjanidae) were recorded over a period of two and a half weeks in the South Water Caye Marine Reserve (Belize) during May and June of 2010. Each fish was observed for a 20-second time period, and the amount of time they spent swimming, stationaiy (resting), foraging, and performing “other” (less common activities) behaviors was recorded. The specific objectives of my study were to: (1) quantitatively describe the behavior of schoolmaster with time-activity budgets, (2) assess differences in schoolmaster size distribution by location (habitat type), and (3) analyze differences in activity budgets within and among varying size classes. Lutjanus apodus spent significantly more time resting (54%) and swimming (44%), than foraging or performing “other” activities (e.g., aggression, and being cleaned). Foraging behavior was rarely observed during daylight observations, which corroborated previous investigations and local knowledge that this species feeds noctumally. Larger schoolmaster dominated reef habitats, whereas the smaller specimens favored shallow intertidal and mangrove habitats. There were significant differences spent in behaviors for all size classes, when size class was used as a criterion. L apodus spent significantly more time swimming during mornings than later in the day, and those observed in the shallowest habitats spent more time swimming than those in deeper habitats

Alan C. Filley to Mr. Meredith (1 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1366/thumbnail.jp

From Car Door to Consumer

The Nebraska College of Agriculture and the Bureau of Markets of the United States Department of Agriculture conducted during 1916 an investigation to ascertain the extent to which merchandise is sold from the car and the advantages and disadvantages of this method of marketing. The practice is so extensive that it was soon found necessary to limit the study to apples and potatoes

Effects of Inflation and Deflation upon Nebraska Agriculture, 1914 to 1932

This study attempts to give the effects of war-time inflation and the subsequent deflation upon Nebraska agriculture. It presents statistical evidence of what happened. It is too late to prevent the present depression. Information concerning the situation may aid in promoting recovery. It is hoped that a knowledge of the inflation of 1916 to 1920 and the depression following may aid in avoiding the making of similar errors in the future

Town and Gown: Printmaking as Agent of Discourse and Collaboration

In the current academic climate of prioritization, budget cuts, and program restructuring, printmaking and book arts programs often need to defend their missions, prove viability, and increase enrollment. This panel will focus on recruitment, retention, enrollment, and community engagement as vital components of the academic sphere. Printmaking and book arts are highly interdisciplinary art forms that frequently utilize techniques from other art disciplines and are well suited to cross-pollinate with other academic departments. This allows printmaking and book arts to be integrated into a variety of courses throughout multiple departments and often include team-taught classes, learning communities, and honors programs. These interdisciplinary partnerships positively impact art programs through increased enrollment, appreciation, involvement and overall visibility. Art departments can also use these partnerships to share valuable resources within a university including joint grants, multi-department funding, and a divided workload. Of equal importance, printmaking and book arts contain a history of collaboration and engagement with the public and we seek to continue this through active campus programming and events. Activities such as steamroller printing with area high schools and art centers, print carnivals, and visiting artists build positive community association and support for our programs and can also be used as a recruitment tool. Individual panelists will explore various ideas and strategies to engage freshman, promote campus and community involvement in the arts, and increase enrollment in printmaking/book arts programs

The Venetian blind effect: Contrast disparity modulation in irradiation stereoscopy

In Experiment 1 we measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant in the venetian blind effect for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 3.14 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.26, 0.39, 0.79, and 1.57 c/deg. In Experiment 2 we increased the spatial frequencies. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 5.24 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.33, 0.65, 1.31, and 2.62 c/deg. In Experiment 3 we returned to the spatial frequencies of Experiment 1 but used sine-wave modulation. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 3.14 c/deg and sine-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.26, 0.39, 0.79, and 1.57 c/deg. Fourier analyses were performed on the luminance differences of left and right half-images at threshold, and adjusted for the contrast sensitivity function. Sum and difference spikes, caused by phase changes between the half-images, appeared in the resulting Fourier plots. One parameter, two parameter, and three parameter models were generated to fit the Fourier results. The models predicted thresholds moderately well for two out of three subjects (ETF, JMS) but performed poorly in predicting thresholds for the remaining subject (WWS). A systematic feature of the remaining errors is noted and some future directions in venetian blind research are discussed

Dendritic cell based vaccination strategy: an evolving paradigm

Malignant gliomas (MG), tumors of glial origin, are the most commonly diagnosed primary intracranial malignancies in adults. Currently available treatments have provided only modest improvements in overall survival and remain limited by inevitable local recurrence, necessitating exploration of novel therapies. Among approaches being investigated, one of the leading contenders is immunotherapy, which aims to modulate immune pathways to stimulate the selective destruction of malignant cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent initiators of adaptive immune responses and therefore crucial players in the development and success of immunotherapy. Clinical trials of various DC-based vaccinations have demonstrated the induction of anti-tumor immune responses and prolonged survival in the setting of many cancers. In this review, we summarize current literature regarding DCs and their role in the tumor microenvironment, their application and current clinical use in immunotherapy, current challenges limiting their efficacy in anti-cancer therapy, and future avenues for developing successful anti-tumor DC-based vaccines

Immune System, Friend or Foe of Oncolytic Virotherapy?

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of targeted anticancer therapies designed to selectively infect, replicate in, and lyse malignant cells without causing harm to normal, healthy tissues. In addition to direct oncolytic activity, OVs have shown dual promise as immunotherapeutic agents. The presence of viral infection and subsequently generated immunogenic tumor cell death trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that mediate further tumor destruction. However, antiviral immune responses can intrinsically limit OV infection, spread, and overall therapeutic efficacy. Host immune system can act both as a barrier as well as a facilitator and sometimes both at the same time based on the phase of viral infection. Thus, manipulating the host immune system to minimize antiviral responses and viral clearance while still promoting immune-mediated tumor destruction remains a key challenge facing oncolytic virotherapy. Recent clinical trials have established the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of virotherapies in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Most notably, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a genetically engineered oncolytic herpesvirus-expressing granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, was recently approved for the treatment of melanoma, representing the first OV to be approved by the FDA as an anticancer therapy in the US. This review discusses OVs and their antitumor properties, their complex interactions with the immune system, synergy between virotherapy and existing cancer treatments, and emerging strategies to augment the efficacy of OVs as anticancer therapies