Confronting life in literary guises: A study of Dante, Blake and Sartre.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the notion of realism as discussed by Erich Auerbach in his two critical works, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature and Dante: Poet of the Secular World. My interpretation of Auerbach is applied to Dante’s Inferno, cantos V, X and XXXIII, William Blake’s companion poems, “The Chimney Sweeper” I and II, in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience and Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialist play, No Exit. In addition, Blake’s illustration of these three cantos from Dante’s epic will be examined to clarify how Blake’s poetics harmonized or clashed with that of Dante. The works of both Dante and Sartre take place in Hell, thus providing us with comparable versions of literary realism. Realism in this sense is subjective, psychological and personal; it pertains to the reality of a person’s essence and how, even in the afterlife, a person can retain his or her own character. Similarly, Blake’s poems demonstrate how a certain conception of the life after death is envisioned by the chimney sweeps. Their inability to appreciate the possibility of renewed existence demonstrates how literary realism can relate a failure in insight to a sense of closure. While examining important works by all three authors, the thesis expands on the usual meaning of literary realism to show how spiritual truths pertain to matters of life and death, public experience and personal morality

Imprisonment for insolvent debtors in Egypt with specific reference to Al-Gharemoun cases

Historically, handling debts was a major issue described in the Islamic legal realm and handling insolvent debtors is a category thereof. Recently, in the 21st century in Egypt, the numbers of incarcerated insolvent debtors has increased dramatically constituting one third of the Egyptian prison population. This paper addresses the legal developments relating to adjudication and imprisonment of debtors since the time of the prophet throughout the development of the Islamic legal jurists’ literature that supported practical solutions to debtors’ insolvencies. Investigation of middle age Egyptian and Ottoman court cases are incorporated to prove the success of the Islamic legal system at the time. The New Commercial Law of 1999 check penalties coupled with the penalties associated with security receipts have led to the exacerbation of the problem of the poor insolvent debtors in Egypt. The immediate incarceration of defaulting debtors for reasons beyond their control is abusive in nature and works against Islamic law and other western laws. Therefore, an imminent legislative law change against imprisonment is the first step to resolve the increasing insolvency prisoners’ situation

Studying the QCD medium in proton-proton collisions using PYTHIA

It is believed that in the first microsecond after the big bang, the universe was in a state known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), where quarks and gluons were asymptotically free. Signatures of QGP like jet quenching and elliptic flow have been observed in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of QGP formation in proton-proton (p-p) collisions. PYTHIA was used to simulate the p-p collision at center-of-mass energies of √s = 200 GeV and √s = 13 TeV corresponding to the available energies of the current collider experiments. The ratios between the near-side and away-side yields associated with the high transverse momentum particles were calculated and compared for the low and high multiplicity events as a function of transverse momentum in order to search for such phase. For LHC energies at high multiplicity, away-side yields show suppression in comparison to near-side yields. This indicates that there is a possibility of creating QGP at high-energy high-multiplicity p-p collisions

The Application of Superconducting Technologies in Future Electrical Power Systems

Growing power demand in countries such as the UK can often result in increased power losses and voltage control problems within distribution networks. Mitigation of these issues in distribution networks is challenging when conventional power conductors and transformers are considered. There are several methods that may reduce losses in distribution networks, such as carefully sited and operated distributed generation (DG) and distributed control techniques. Since High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) cables exhibit zero resistance when cooled to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77Keliven), they have the potential to be used to address these issues in distribution networks. This thesis has investigated the impact of HTS cables and HTS transformers on power losses, voltage changes, fault levels and DG on an existing section of the UK distribution network and compares this with one utilising conventional cables and lines. This study has been accomplished using IPSA. Also, another piece of work calculates in terms of the power losses in HTS cables and HTS transformers including the power needs of their refrigeration systems. This has then been compared these to power losses incurred in conventional distribution and transmission networks. Furthermore, the thesis introduces the comparison costs of HTS cables and HTS transformers with conventional cables and transformers and considers future projected costs for HTS cables and transformers. This information has been used to enable a techno economic evaluation of the potential of future alternative superconductor network design. A method for reactive power sharing in an AC superconductor distribution network, including various DGs, has also been proposal. In addition, this thesis has demonstrated the possibility of increasing the ability of electrical distribution networks to deliver high power densities to critical urban areas, whilst avoiding the need for heavy network reinforcement and additional assets. These studies en achieves using IPSA and Matlab software. Finally, research of work was carried out to investigate the practical effects of installing superconductor equipment and identify novel network designs that make the best use of the attributes of superconducting network assets in terms of lower power losses, lower capital cost and a lower risk level than existing conventional distribution network designs. In 2013, the total cost of the future 33kV superconductor distribution network design would be £842.1M higher than that of the present conventional distribution network design. However, by 2030 the future 33kV superconductor network design will be £16.86 M lower than the present conventional network design. Consequently, these results show that using HTS assets in large distribution network design, operating at different voltage levels could save millions of pounds in the future