The reinvention of the ready-made

In this paper the history of a particular type of product design is analyzed, compared and\ud structured. The analyzed products are all of the type where existing objects are used or even incorporated\ud into the design. This principle is known in the art world as the ready-made. In this research\ud transformational- and composed ready-mades and several variations are described. The design principle\ud of using existing objects in designs is then compared with the relation between novelty and typicality as\ud predictors of aesthetic preference, as researched by Hekkert et al. From there it is argued that the readymade\ud principle could possibly contribute to designing pleasurable products because the resulting objects\ud incorporate both novelty and typicality in their presenc

Understanding the 2.5th dimension: modelling the graphic language of products

Recognizing a product of a specific brand without seeing the logo is difficult. But for companies it is important to distinguish themselves from competitors with a consistent portfolio, which will be easily recognized by their target consumers. The recognition of brands and their associated brand values can take place in different ways. In this paper a framework is discussed to analyze a brand at different levels of graphical dimensions. The proposed framework distinguishes the difference between graphics (2D), such as a logo or a text; form and shape elements (3D); and everything in-between (2,5D), which we will call ‘graphical elements’. Examples of such graphical elements are the protruding letters on a beer bottle of Grolsch, the characteristic grill of a car or the illuminated apple in a Mac Book. The framework, based on the work of Karjalainen & Warell, was developed further within an educational setting. In an elective master course, students developed a product for a specific brand using the most remarkable design features of the brand. The results of the course showed that modelling the 2.5th dimension of the products actually had a great impact on the translation of the brand values of the analyzed brands into new designs. The integration of these ‘graphical elements’ is often underexposed, but this paper shows that they can play an important role in the recognition of a brand and its brand values

Sketching is more than making correct drawings

Sketching in the context of a design process is not a goal in itself, but can be considered as a tool to\ud make better designs. Sketching as a design tool has several useful effects as: ordering your thoughts,\ud better understanding of difficult shapes, functioning as a communication tool, and providing an\ud iterative way of developing shapes. In our bachelor-curriculum Industrial Design Engineering we\ud developed a series of courses that addresses these effects in particular.\ud The courses are Sketching and concept drawing (SCT), Product Presentation Drawing (PPT) and\ud Applied sketching skills (TTV). This line of courses is built on three pillars:\ud - Learning to sketch; Theory, speed and control of the materials.\ud - Learning from sketching; Develop a better insight in complex 3D shapes (Figure 1).\ud - Sketching as a design tool; Communication, ordering your thoughts, iterative working.\ud As a result we see that students who have finished the courses instinctively start sketching in an\ud iterative manner, use sketching as a source of inspiration and learn that the whole process of iterative\ud sketching helps in structuring, developing and communicating the design process. In this way the\ud students become better sketchers and better designer

A practical approach to product design for future worlds using scenario-development

The focus of consumer product design is shifting from primarily offering functionality, towards\ud experience and emotion driven product characteristics [1]. At the same time the functioning of\ud products is more and more defined in its social context. Product designers can play a major role in\ud developing our future social context, as long as they are aware of the responsibility towards users,\ud society and environment. In the master ‘Design & Styling’ of the Industrial Design Engineering\ud program of the University of Twente, we created a course “Create the Future”, addressing both these\ud future- and society oriented aspects of design. In this paper we describe the course structure and the\ud associated teaching methods, give examples of student results and discuss the points of interest and\ud application possibilities. In the 2008 edition the students explored the future of food. First the students\ud created a future context by investigating, building and visualizing multiple scenarios. Subsequently\ud they designed a future product concept within these scenario contexts. It showed that the structure of\ud this course was particularly suitable for designing products for the not so near future, i.e. 15-20 years\ud ahead. Especially scenario development proved to be a good instrument for the students to be able to\ud create a tangible context for designing future products and services

Xylose metabolism in the fungus Rhizopus oryzae : effect of growth and respiration on l (+)-lactic acid production

The fungus Rhizopus oryzae converts both glucose and xylose under aerobic conditions into chirally pure l(+)-lactic acid with by-products such as xylitol, glycerol, ethanol, carbon dioxide and fungal biomass. In this paper, we demonstrate that the production of lactic acid by R. oryzae CBS 112.07 only occurs under growing conditions. Deprivation of nutrients such as nitrogen, essential for fungal biomass formation, resulted in a cessation of lactic acid production. Complete xylose utilisation required a significantly lower C/N ratio (61/1) compared to glucose (201/1), caused by higher fungal biomass yields that were obtained with xylose as substrate. Decreasing the oxygen transfer rate resulted in decline of xylose consumption rates, whereas the conversion of glucose by R. oryzae was less affected. Both results were linked to the fact that R. oryzae CBS 112.07 utilises xylose via the two-step reduction/oxidation route. The consequences of these effects for R. oryzae as a potential lactic acid producer are discussed

Selective Derivatization Reagents for the Determination of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers by Liquid Chromatography? Mass Spectrometry

Irth, H. [Promotor]Niessen, W.M.A. [Promotor]Lingeman, H. [Copromotor]Wijtmans, M. [Copromotor

Examination to effective preliminary legal protection in taxation law

in deze scriptie wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de fiscale voorlopige voorziening. Daarbij wordt mn aandacht gegeven aan de effectiviteit van de huidige regelgeving

Method of producing purified carotenoid compounds

A method of producing a carotenoid in solid form includes culturing a strain of Chlorophyta algae cells in a minimal inorganic medium and separating the algae comprising a solid form of carotenoid. In one embodiment f the invention, the strain of Chlorophyta algae cells includes a strain f Chlamydomonas algae cells

Where's my robot? Integrating human technology relations in the design curriculum

In today’s society, and in almost every forecast for the future, technology development plays a major role. From theories in Science & Technology Studies we learn that the development of new technology cannot be meaningful unless there are users that successfully adapt the products and services to their own lives. As a result, it is important that designers learn to explore the interrelationships between engineering and behavioural, cultural and social issues. Within our Industrial Design Engineering curriculum we therefore emphasise the influence of technology on human behaviour and vice-versa. Although every specific product and context demands for a specific relation, we have experienced that there is common ground in the developments of these relationships that makes our education work. At a higher level of abstraction, the human side of the relation stays merely the same, because human bodies and human needs and emotions do not develop fast. It is only the technology side of the relation that develops and therefore changes the relationship. Thus, by starting from the human side of the relationship, the technology side can be consciously developed and shaped. A carefully designed series of courses in Design Aesthetics, Philosophy of Technology, Cognitive Ergonomics and Usability develops the students ability to analyse the human needs and characteristics, to understand the impact of technology, and provides the skills to shape the desired relationships. And although we do not design robots, our experience with Industrial Design Engineering is that human technology relations are apparent within all sorts of design challenge