A Structural Model of the Cytochrome c Reductase/Oxidase Supercomplex from Yeast Mitochondria

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes are arranged in supercomplexes within the inner membrane. Interaction of cytochrome c reductase (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Projection maps at 15 Å resolution of supercomplexes III2 + IV1 and III2 + IV2 were obtained by electron microscopy. Based on a comparison of our maps with atomic x-ray structures for complexes III and IV we present a pseudo-atomic model of their precise interaction. Two complex IV monomers are specifically attached to dimeric complex III with their convex sides. The opposite sides, which represent the complex IV dimer interface in the x-ray structure, are open for complex IV-complex IV interactions. This could lead to oligomerization of III2 + IV2 supercomplexes, but this was not detected. Instead, binding of cytochrome c to the supercomplexes was revealed. It was calculated that cytochrome c has to move less than 40 Å at the surface of the supercomplex for electron transport between complex III2 and complex IV. Hence, the prime function of the supercomplex III2 + IV2 is proposed to be a scaffold for effective electron transport between complexes III and IV.

Forgiveness and Components of I- concept Interconnection Regarding Adolescents Social Correction Groups

The aim of the research is to clarify the components of the I-concept of the personality that promote maturity to forgive the adolescents in social-correction groups. The research results statistically reveal a meaningful interconnection among forgiveness and the components of the personality I-concept, for instance, the interconnection between the scale of forgiveness and the pesonality’s associations with I-real components, i.e., the submission to peer pressure and dependency components are linked with the emotional responsiveness scale in accordance with the questionnaire about forgiveness; also, the personality concept about the I- ideal components which are friendship and dependency as well as the authoritarian components are linked with the emotional responsiveness scale according to the questionnaire about forgiveness. Assisting adolescents and youth psychologically, the possible assistance should be focused on revealing I-in the Eyes of the Others. The analysis of the results let us judge that the concept of I- ideal differs greatly from I- real; in such cases the individual experiences discomfort and dissatisfaction as well. In the research discrepancies turned up in the personality I-concept; also, I-Ideal content greatly differs from adolescents current, real opportunities which, in their own way, may hinder a personality favourable development as well as do not encourage the development of forgiveness

20 - 30-year-old employee the relationship between the forgiveness motives and the perceived stress indicators

The purpose of this study is to explore the theory and real-life manifestation of the forgiveness motives among employees with high and low stress levels. The target group of 20- to 30-year olds has been selected for the study because this life-period is considered particularly important in a human's life. It is a time of self-actualisation, starting a family, seeking stability and emotional balance. Few attempts to analyse the psychology of forgiveness in the working environment have so far been attempted in Latvia. The study aims to establish whether there exists a statistically significant correlation between the forgiveness motives and the perceived level of stress. Study builds on "An Empirical Test of Forgiveness Motives „Effects on Employees” Health and Well - Being" (Cox, Bennett, Tripp, Aquino, 2012) which revealed five types of motives for forgiveness: apology, moral, religious, relationship, and lack of alternatives. The studywaslinguisticallyadapted questionnaire (Trainer Forgiveness scale (1991), modified by Susie S. Cox, Rebecca J. Bennett, Thomas M. Tripp, Karl Aquino, 2012)"Forgiveness Motives"who to determine the forgiveness motives among the target group. To establish the stress levels, a shortened version of the perceived stress questionnaire was used. The findings of the study support those of the research (Cox et al., 2012). There does exist a statistically significant correlation between the moral scale and the perceived stress. People who forgive primarily for moral reasons experience less stress. Equally, people who forgive primarily due to lack of alternatives experience higher levels of stress

The Relationship Between Online communication aspects and Personality Traits

This reference The relationship between online communications aspects and Personality Traits theoretical backround contains a review of best-known and the most actual theories about the online communications aspects and personality traits. Aim of the research is theoretical basis and practical research to investigate whether there is a relationship between online communication aspects and personality traits. Terms of Reference: 1st to analyze and summarize the theoretical literature on communication aspects online theories of personality factors. 2nd select a research methodology. Methods of the research: Survey BFI and the research author’s constructed a questionnaire. Respondents of the research: together 82 users of social networks like draugiem.lv and facebook.com. During the research the proved that there is a relationship between the individuals five personality factors: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and some units (variables) of online self-presentetation through profile image

THE ATTITUDE OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALITIES’ STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA TO THE STUDY COURSE OF CIVIL DEFENCE

In Latvia the Civil Defence course is a compulsory course for all higher education study programs. The aim of the study was to find out the attitude of the students of pedagogy specialties of the University of Latvia towards the Civil Defence course, to study the students' self-assessment of understanding the most important topics of the Civil Defence course and the most important insights learned by students during acquiring the Civil Defence course. To find out the attitude of the pedagogical specialties students towards the Civil Defence course, a questionnaire of the first-year students was carried out after the acquisition of the course. The responses of full-time and part-time students were compared. The results of the questionnaire showed that the majority of the surveyed students have understood the importance of the Civil Defence course and they consider that this course is necessary for all study programs. After completing the course, most students have understood the most important topics of the Civil Defence course. The majority of surveyed students consider that topics related to national defence should be included in the Civil Defence course. As the most interesting topics students have found first aid, disasters and their classification and disaster management. Students believe that Civil Defence knowledge is needed for being aware of how to deal with emergencies, if necessary, to be able to provide first aid and for better understanding of the functioning of the civil defence system in Latvia. Students see an opportunity to combine the acquiring of Civil Defence course with the mastering of another study course

STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT GOALS GENDER DIFFERENCES

This research is the theoretical and practical analysis about achievement goals students gender differences. Theoretical backround contains a review of best-known and the most actual  theories  about  the achievement goals. Aim of the research is theoretical basis and practical research to investigate: Is there any gender differences in achievement goals for students? Methods of the research: demographic questionnaire and Andrew J. Elliot and Kou Murayama and Reinhard Pekrun (2011) „A 3x2 achievement goal questionnaire (AGQ). Research participants is a total of 143 students (71 male and 72 female). Participants were at age range 18 – 25 years (M = 21.25). Male age range were 18 – 25 years (M = 21.90), female age range was 18 – 24 years (M = 20.61). The research results answered to research question "is there any gender differences in achievement goals for students?" has confirmed partly – diferences in scale task-avoidance goals are statistically important (t = 3,546; p 0.01). Research question has confirmed partly. There are statistically imoprtand gender differences in task-avoidance goals (p 0.01), but there aren’t any differences in other achievement goals

TECHNOFERENCE, COUPLE’S RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION CORRELATION BETWEEN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES CHOICE

The aim of this scientific research article is to describe the satisfaction with pairs’ relationship and conflict management strategies choice correlation between technoference. Pairs’ relationship, their formation and long-term existence is influenced by different factors, however, important to prescribe their existence is both partners' satisfaction with them. Quality of the relationship depends on overall life satisfaction. Studies on satisfaction with the pairs relations have a tendency to grow, as evidenced by the number of research databases. For example, in 2015 the database APAPsychNet they are 32 studies, but by June 2016 already 20 studies of the relationship, which are studied more new aspects that are not so far been adequately studied. Studies have been conducted on the use of technology devices impact on pairs’ relationships satisfaction with the relationship (for example, Sidelinger, Avash,et.al., 2008, Coyne, et.al., 2011). Available sources is a study that analyzes satisfaction with the pairs’ relationships correlation with technoference (technical devices in use caused by disruption in the pairs mutual communication), which leads to the conclusion that in this perspective the topic has not yet been adequately studied (Coyne McDaniel, 2016). This study will be determined not only technoference correlation with the satisfaction of pairs relationship and conflict management strategies choice of partners, but will also explore what device causing the most disruption and whether there is technoference correlation with conflict management strategies

DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL VALIDATION OF THE STRESS SYMPTOMS SCALE

The aim of this study is to develop and to perform an initial validation of the Latvian and Russian version of the Stress Symptoms Scale. A preliminary version of the scale (k = 65) were administrated to the test development sample as an on-line survey. Additionally participants (N = 272, aged from 19 to 68, M = 37.2, SD = 11.6, 13% male) filled in the Latvian or Russian version of the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and responded using 10-point scale on two criterion questions about the frequency and intensity of the experienced stress during the last two weeks. Information of their age, gender and education level were collected as well. Based on performed psychometric analysis a final version of the SSS was developed. It consists of 56 items, which can be combined into four scales: 1) Impaired functioning of cognitive processes; 2) Psychological symptoms of stress; 3) Physical symptoms of stress; 4) Emotional symptoms of stress. Based on Exploratory and Confirmatory factor analysis a four-factor solution is preferable. Both versions (LV and RUS) of the scale show excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .92 to .98). Concurrent validity of the SSS was approved by high correlation with criterion-measures. Both versions of the SSS show acceptable to excellent psychometric properties and can be used by psychologists and other mental health professional for the better understanding of individual’s stress reactions and for a reliable evaluation of stress level based on the set of stress symptoms.

SECONDARY SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN CONNECTION TO THE CHOICE OF PROFESSION

One of the most important factors influencing the welfare of the society is the development of science and technology, which in turn depends on scientists and students' science literacy. The aim of the study was to investigate the interest of high school and university students in science subjects, their views on factors that raise interest in subjects and play a determining role in the choice of profession. The questionnaire of Riga secondary school and university students about their interest in science subjects in connection to the choice of their profession was carried out.  The results of the survey showed that the majority of university students are interested, or they have moderate interest about science subjects. Doctors’ assistant speciality students are more interested in science subjects in comparison with pedagogical specialities students. High school students’ interest in science subjects differs to a greater extent in comparison with university students. High school students consider the opportunity to make a career and earn good money as the most important factor in choosing a profession, pedagogical specialties students - a willingness to work in the chosen profession and an opportunity to find a job in the chosen profession, but doctors’ assistant speciality students - an opportunity to work for the community and to help people