519 research outputs found
El procĂ©s de neurogènesi en el mamĂfer adult. Efecte del consum de mefedrona
Treballs Finals de Grau de FarmĂ cia, Facultat de FarmĂ cia, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. Tutora: Elena Escubedo Rafa.[cat] Fins fa unes dècades predominava el dogma universal sobre la incapacitat del sistema nerviĂłs central de regenerar-se desprĂ©s del naixement, establint aixĂ, la no-formaciĂł de noves neurones durant l’etapa adulta. Recentment, s’ha demostrat el contrari, el cervell adult Ă©s capaç de regenerar-se i crear noves neurones madures funcionals, i ho fa al llarg de tota la vida. L’objectiu principal del present treball Ă©s, per tant, descriure i caracteritzar el procĂ©s de neurogènesi del cervell d’un mamĂfer adult a partir de la recerca de bibliografia cientĂfica que ens permeti abordar i resoldre els aspectes mĂ©s importants del procĂ©s: què Ă©s, on i com es dĂłna, quina Ă©s la seva funciĂł, com es troba regulat i quina implicaciĂł i relaciĂł tĂ© amb les malalties neurodegeneratives i el consum de drogues d’abĂşs. Hi ha un gran nombre d’estudis que palesen la inhibiciĂł del procĂ©s de neurogènesi degut al consum de substĂ ncies com ara l’alcohol, la cocaĂŻna o els opioides. En el present treball s’ha volgut determinar tambĂ© l’efecte de la mefedrona (sola i en combinaciĂł amb etanol) sobre la neurogènesi en l’hipocamp de ratolins adolescents. Per avaluar-ho, s’ha administrat als animals una soluciĂł de BrdU com a marcardor de cèl·lules noves i, 28 dies desprĂ©s, s’han sacrificat i s’ha fet una immunohistoquĂmica en portaobjectes per BrdU i NeuN amb els talls coronals de cervell. Amb tot, s’ha pogut observar un descens en la taxa de neurogènesi en els animals tractats amb mefedrona, i encara mĂ©s, en els tractats concomitantment amb alcohol. Aquest fet, per tant, podria relacionar-se amb una alteraciĂł de la funcionalitat del sistema nerviĂłs central.[eng] Until a few decades ago a universal dogma existed with regards to the inability of the central nervous system to regenerate after birth, impeding the formation of new neurons during adulthood. Recently, the opposite has been demonstrated. The adult brain is able to regenerate and create new functional neurons; this occurs during the whole lifespan. The main aim of the present work is to describe and characterize the process of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain through scientific literature search allowing us to address the most important aspects of the process: what it is, where and how it occurs, what its function is, how it is regulated and what involvement it has in neurodegenerative diseases and the use of drugs of abuse. There are a lot of studies that show the inhibition of the process of neurogenesis due to the intake of drugs of abuse like ethanol, cocaine or opioids. In this project we also wanted to determine the effect of mephedrone (alone and in combination with ethanol) on hippocampal neurogenesis in adolescent mice. To assess this, we administered animals with a solution of BrdU as a new cell marker and, 28 days later, the animals were sacrificed and an immunohistochemistry on slides for BrdU and NeuN was performed on coronal brain slices. A decrease in the neurogenesis rate of animals treated with mephedrone was observed; this effect was further enhanced in the mephedrone plus alcohol group. This phenomenon may be explained by an altered functionality of the central nervous system
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