Utilización del destrio de tomate en la alimentación caprina

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la incorporación del destrío de tomate en la alimentación de cabras cruza criolla x Nubian. El estudio se realizó en la Unidad Experimental de la FCAyF. Se utilizaron cuatro cabras criolla x Nubian, no gestantes, secas y fistuladas ruminalmente con cánulas permanentes en un diseño experimental cruzado (cross-over) con cuatro repeticiones y 7 días de wash out entre períodos. Las dietas fueron: heno de moha (1,5 Kg/día/cabra) y afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) dieta testigo (D0). Destrío de tomate (0,500Kg/día/cabra) en base fresca, heno de moha (1 Kg/día/cabra), afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) y balanceado 16%PB (0,100 kg/día/cabra) (D1). Mediante un análisis de ANOVA y el test Tukey para el análisis de comparación de medias, se observó que el CMST no registró diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre tratamientos. El PV y el CTEM fue significativamente mayor (p0,05) entre tratamientos y el porcentaje de FDN de las dietas tendió (p=0,059) a ser menor para el tratamiento D1. El pH ruminal promedio del día, área bajo la curva y horas por debajo del pH umbral no arrojó diferencias (p>0,05). La degradabilidad ruminal del heno de moha verificó igual comportamiento (p>0,05) en D0 y D1. Las degradabilidades ruminales del ensilado de tomate y el heno de moha no evidenciaron diferencias (p>0,05). La incorporación de destrío de tomate ensilado en dietas para cabras, mejoró los niveles de consumo energía metabolizable y permitió convertir un desecho de la industria hortícola en un recurso apto para la alimentación de pequeños rumiantes.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Correction to: Can bicarbonate enhance the performance of carob seedlings grown in nutrient solutions with different Fe concentrations?

Correction to: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00100-4info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utilización del destrio de tomate en la alimentación caprina

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la incorporación del destrío de tomate en la alimentación de cabras cruza criolla x Nubian. El estudio se realizó en la Unidad Experimental de la FCAyF. Se utilizaron cuatro cabras criolla x Nubian, no gestantes, secas y fistuladas ruminalmente con cánulas permanentes en un diseño experimental cruzado (cross-over) con cuatro repeticiones y 7 días de wash out entre períodos. Las dietas fueron: heno de moha (1,5 Kg/día/cabra) y afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) dieta testigo (D0). Destrío de tomate (0,500Kg/día/cabra) en base fresca, heno de moha (1 Kg/día/cabra), afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) y balanceado 16%PB (0,100 kg/día/cabra) (D1). Mediante un análisis de ANOVA y el test Tukey para el análisis de comparación de medias, se observó que el CMST no registró diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre tratamientos. El PV y el CTEM fue significativamente mayor (p0,05) entre tratamientos y el porcentaje de FDN de las dietas tendió (p=0,059) a ser menor para el tratamiento D1. El pH ruminal promedio del día, área bajo la curva y horas por debajo del pH umbral no arrojó diferencias (p>0,05). La degradabilidad ruminal del heno de moha verificó igual comportamiento (p>0,05) en D0 y D1. Las degradabilidades ruminales del ensilado de tomate y el heno de moha no evidenciaron diferencias (p>0,05). La incorporación de destrío de tomate ensilado en dietas para cabras, mejoró los niveles de consumo energía metabolizable y permitió convertir un desecho de la industria hortícola en un recurso apto para la alimentación de pequeños rumiantes.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Utilización del destrio de tomate en la alimentación caprina

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la incorporación del destrío de tomate en la alimentación de cabras cruza criolla x Nubian. El estudio se realizó en la Unidad Experimental de la FCAyF. Se utilizaron cuatro cabras criolla x Nubian, no gestantes, secas y fistuladas ruminalmente con cánulas permanentes en un diseño experimental cruzado (cross-over) con cuatro repeticiones y 7 días de wash out entre períodos. Las dietas fueron: heno de moha (1,5 Kg/día/cabra) y afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) dieta testigo (D0). Destrío de tomate (0,500Kg/día/cabra) en base fresca, heno de moha (1 Kg/día/cabra), afrechillo de trigo (0,220 kg/día/cabra) y balanceado 16%PB (0,100 kg/día/cabra) (D1). Mediante un análisis de ANOVA y el test Tukey para el análisis de comparación de medias, se observó que el CMST no registró diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre tratamientos. El PV y el CTEM fue significativamente mayor (p0,05) entre tratamientos y el porcentaje de FDN de las dietas tendió (p=0,059) a ser menor para el tratamiento D1. El pH ruminal promedio del día, área bajo la curva y horas por debajo del pH umbral no arrojó diferencias (p>0,05). La degradabilidad ruminal del heno de moha verificó igual comportamiento (p>0,05) en D0 y D1. Las degradabilidades ruminales del ensilado de tomate y el heno de moha no evidenciaron diferencias (p>0,05). La incorporación de destrío de tomate ensilado en dietas para cabras, mejoró los niveles de consumo energía metabolizable y permitió convertir un desecho de la industria hortícola en un recurso apto para la alimentación de pequeños rumiantes.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

The Effect of Two Methods of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) Juice Extraction on Quality During Storage at 4(°)C

The effect of two extraction methods of pomegranate juice on its quality and stability was evaluated. The first method consisted of separation of the seeds from fruits and centrifugation. The second method consisted of squeezing fruit halves with an electric lemon squeezer. During a period of 72 hours of cold storage at 4(°)C, the juices were evaluated for the presence of sugars, organic acids, and anthocyanins. Delphinidin 3-glucoside was identified to be the major anthocyanin present at the level of 45–69 mg/L. Among the organic acids, oxalic and tartaric acids dominated. The major sugars detected in pomegranate juice were glucose and sucrose. No significant differences in the content of sugars, organic acids, or anthocyanins in juices obtained through application of the two different extraction methods were detected, with the exception of the drastic decrease of cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside level in juice obtained by seed centrifugation. The pH did not show differences between treatments. Titrable acidity and the level of sugars expressed as (°)Brix decreased after 32 and 15 hours after extraction, respectively, when juice was obtained by centrifuging the seeds

Antioxidant activity of thyme waste extract in O/W emulsions

Thymus vulgaris (thyme) is an aromatic plant and its essential oil has been applied as antimicrobial and antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds. However, after steam distillation, the deodorized plant material is rejected, despite the possible presence of bioactive compounds. Ethanolic thyme waste extract revealed the presence of benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and sinapic acid. This waste thyme extract had the capacity for preventing the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products in emulsions O/W (oil in water), constituted by diverse proportions of wheat and almond oils, without interfering with the viscosity parameters, for 10 weeks, at 37 °C. The increasing proportion of almond oil (≥50%) in the emulsion increases its resistance to oxidation, which is improved with the presence of an optimal concentration of tested thyme waste extract (0.02% and 0.04%). The waste thyme extract can, therefore, be used as an antioxidant either in food or pharmaceutical emulsions O/W, replacing the synthetic antioxidants.Agência financiadora Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia-FCT; Portugal UID/BIA/04325/2013-MEDTBIO UID/MAR/00350/2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quick decline and stem pitting Citrus tristeza virus isolates induce a distinct metabolomic profile and antioxidant enzyme activity in the phloem sap of two Citrus species

Susceptibility to the severe Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), T36, is higher for Citrus macrophylla (CM) than for C. aurantium (CA). How host-virus interactions are reflected in host physiology is largely unknown. In this study, the profile of metabolites and the antioxidant activity in the phloem sap of healthy and infected CA and CM plants were evaluated. The phloem sap of quick decline (T36) and stem pitting (T318A) infected citrus, and control plants was collected by centrifugation, and the enzymes and metabolites analyzed. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in infected plants increased significantly in CM and decreased in CA, compared to the healthy controls. Using LC-HRMS2 a metabolic profile rich in secondary metabolites was assigned to healthy CA, compared to healthy CM. CTV infection of CA caused a drastic reduction in secondary metabolites, but not in CM. In conclusion, CA and CM have a different response to severe CTV isolates and we propose that the low susceptibility of CA to T36 may be related to the interaction of the virus with the host’s metabolism, which reduces significantly the synthesis of flavonoids and antioxidant enzyme activity.ALG-01-0145-FEDER-30957; LA/P/0101/2020; ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022121info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tomato spotted wilt virus genes expressed in antisense orientation and their ability to control virus progression in Nicotiana benthamiana

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a member of the Tospoviridae family and is ranked among the top ten economically important viruses in the world. The genome of TSWV consists of three linear negative-sense or ambisense RNA segments, denoted as segments L, M and S. Segment S RNA encodes the silencing suppressor NSs, and the nucleocapsid protein N. Segment M RNA encodes the cell-to-cell movement protein NSm and two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc). The TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips and can infect a wide range of hosts, including tomatoes, an economically important crop. Thus, control measures need to be implemented to reduce the damage caused by this virus. In the present work, a TSWV isolate from Nicotiana rustica was acquired through Leibniz DSMZ Institute. The expression of antisense transcripts of the N, NSs and M viral genes in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana was assayed for its ability to silence virus progression. For this, each construct in the binary vector pK7WG2 was co-agroinfiltrated with pK7WG2-GFP into N. benthamiana leaves, followed by inoculation with TSWV after 48h. Inoculated leaves were harvested 5 days after agroinfiltration for RNA extraction. The ability of antisense transcripts, expressed throughout the plant to control TSWV progression was also assayed using the Tobacco rattle virus viral vector (pTRV). In this case, partial sequences of the above-mentioned genes cloned into pTRV2 were expressed as antisense transcripts. New leaves were harvested 10 days after agroinfiltration of the pTRV viral vector. TSWV detection and absolute quantification was performed by a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay. Inoculated leaves with TSWV alone and new leaves showed a low viral titer, a result that indicates host plant resistance to TSWV infection. In both assays, TSWV accumulation was higher for constructs carrying the N or the NSs sequences than with M sequences. These studies allowed us to conclude that M gene transcripts in the antisense orientation greatly limit virus progression in N. benthamiana plants

Variability of olive oil cultivar on stability during storage

The fatty acid composition and stability of three Portuguese monovarietal olive oils, Cobrancosa, Macanilha and Verdeal, was studied, maintaining the olive oils at 60 degrees C for 75 and 102 days, respectively. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid (64-69%) in three olive oils cultivars, followed by palmitic acid (15-18%). The highest percentages of palmitic acid were observed in Macanilha olive oil (17-18%). Linolenic acid content was 3%, on average. Storing the oils at 60 degrees C over 75 days did not affect the levels of fatty acids. Cobrancosa and Macanilha olive oils were more resistant to hydroperoxide formation than Verdeal olive oil, whereas this oil and that of Macanilha were more resistant to the degradation of those peroxides. Cobrancosa olive oil possessed higher levels of phenols and higher ability for scavenging free radicals than the remaining oils. a-Tocopherol content was higher in Cobrancosa and Macanilha oils than in Verdeal, but a similar high degradation of this vitamin was observed in all oils, disappearing after 5 to 8 days of storage at 60 degrees C

Composition and biological activity of the essential oil peruvian lantana camara

The composition of the essential oil from Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was examined by GC, GC/MS, and 13C-NMR. The GC analysis showed that carvone is the most abundant monoterpene 75.9%, together with limonene 16.9%, accounting for 92.8% of the oil. The major components were also tested by 13C-NMR analysis of the essential oil. The L. camara oil was assayed against several microorganisms, showing moderate antibacterial activity against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (MIC  200  μg/ml). High antioxidant activity evaluated by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC) was found (29.0  mmol Trolox/kg) and relative low anti-inflammatory activity due to its weak ability for inhibiting lipoxygenase (IC50  =   81.5  μg/ml)