The Interpretation of Freedom in the Letters of Paul

Wayne Coppins investigates the interpretation of freedom in Paul's letters with special reference to Martin Luther and twentieth-century "German" New Testament scholarship. He focuses on three key issues, namely the importance of freedom in Paul's letters and theology, the centrality and meaning of "freedom from the law," and the relationship between freedom and service. In addition to providing a detailed exegesis of the key Pauline texts, the monograph also offers a synthesis of the aforementioned issues and concludes with a retrospective assessment of the promise and pitfalls of 'German' scholarship on freedom in Paul. While critical of the assumption that Paul himself had already developed a unified concept of freedom, the author suggests that it may nevertheless be appropriate to employ freedom as a category for depicting Paul's thought

The Effects of Repeated Reading Strategy On Oral Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension of Middle School Students

The purpose of this action project was to explore the effect repeated reading strategy has on oral reading fluency and reading comprehension of middle school students. The repeated reading strategy supplemented the reading instruction of middle school students in a parental choice school. The 5-phase study included school and parental approval, student interest interview and teacher questionnaire; the administration of the Qualitative Reading Inventory - 5th edition for pre-test and post-test; repeated reading strategy training and intervention strategy implementation. Students paired together and trained on the intervention process received fluency-comprehension instruction 60 to 90 minutes twice a week. Growth was determined from the Pre-test and Post-test. The findings concluded an overall effect of the repeated reading strategy on fluency and comprehension of middle school students

Not in my Occupation: An Examination of Occupational Identification and Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviour

Workplace identification has been investigated as a predictor of unethical pro-organizational behaviour (UPB), a form of unethical behaviour that primarily benefits the organization. While there have been fruitful findings for organizational identification, there is currently a lack of understanding for how other sources of identification influence this relationship. I sought to investigate whether occupational identification, defining oneself as a member of an occupation, would negatively moderate the relationship between organizational identification and UPB in an ethical decision-making study utilizing a sample of 193 accountants. Similarly, to past research, I hypothesized that moral disengagement would be a mediator in the model. Results indicated an unexpected negative non-significant relationship between organizational identification and UPB. Furthermore, occupation identification was negatively related to UPB, but not significant. I also unexpectedly found a significant negative mediating effect of moral disengagement. This research adds to the literature regarding whether identification relates to unethical behaviour

Enhancement of droplet ejection from molten and liquid plasma-facing surfaces by the electric field of the sheath

Maintaining the stability of a liquid surface in contact with a plasma is of crucial importance in a range of industrial and fusion applications. The most fundamental feature of a plasma-surface interaction, the formation of a highlycharged sheath region, has been neglected from the majority of previous studies of plasma-liquid interactions. This paper considers the effect of the electric field of the sheath on the ejection of micron-scale droplets from bubbles bursting at the liquid surface. A numerical simulation method, based on the ideal electrohydrodynamic model, is introduced and validated against the well-known Taylor cone theory. This model is then used to include the electrical effects of the sheath in simulations of bubble bursting events at a plasma-liquid interface. The results show a significant enhancement in droplet ejection at modest electric fields of between 10% and 20% of the critical field strength required for a solely electrohydrodynamic instability. This finding is in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations and its importance in a wide range of fusion and atmospheric-pressure plasma-liquid interactions is discussed. The inclusion of sheath physics in future studies of plasma-liquid interactions is strongly advocate

Fellhanera gyrophorica, a new European species with conspicuous pycnidia

Fellhanera gyrophorica Sérus., Coppins, Diederich & Scheidegger is described as new from Europe Austria, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Switzerland and Ukraine. It is a sterile corticolous species with conspicuous and sometimes shortly stalked pycnidia whose outer walls produce gyrophoric acid. Its position in the genus Fellhanera (Pilocarpaceae) is tentative and further studies may necessitate its transfer to another genu

Methods for decreasing RNA polymerase III transcription in mammalian cells

RNA polymerase III transcription has been found to be abnormally elevated in many types of transformed and tumour cells. These rapidly growing cells demonstrate an increase in pol III transcripts and hence, an accumulation of protein above normal levels. The accretion of protein may lead to uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark of cancer. Thus, the ability of pol III to increase a cell's biosynthetic capacity links it with malignant growth. Therefore, experiments were conducted to assess whether pol III transcription could be regulated by decreasing transcription in mammalian cells. Homo sapien and Mus musculus cell lines were investigated to consider three different methods for decreasing pol III transcription; targeting a subunit of the transcription machinery, Brf1, by small interfering RNA, targeting the polymerase with the specific drug tagetitoxin, and inducing a negative effector of pol III transcription, Maf1. Levels of pol III transcripts were decreased in response to transfection of Brf1 siRNA, which also had a decreased effect on proliferation rates. When cells were treated with tagetitoxin during electroporation, pol III transcription also decreased. Induction of the pol III suppressor Maf1 decreased pol III transcripts to varying degrees, although faults were found within this system. More significant data was obtained by the application of siRNA against Maf1, as well from the analysis of samples acquired from heterozygous Maf1 cells. These results showed that decreasing Maf1 allows for the deregulation of pol III and an increase in pol III transcription

Wittgenstein and the Problem of Abusive Language

These days, more and more social movements are focusing on changing the ways we speak. As a result of these movements, words that were once commonplace until quite recently are being pushed out of our language because of their power to hurt people. This tells us that political groups recognize the power of words to greatly damage us. In this paper, I explore Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language in order to shed light on how we can use language to insult each other. Both the early and the later Wittgenstein are able to account, in some respects, for how we understand insults. Insults rely first on there being a fact that someone can point out about us and second on an injurious normative judgment about these facts. By outlining Wittgenstein’s ideas in both Tractatus Logico-Philosoficus and Philosophical Investigations we are able to create an account of how we can understand these abusive uses of language. Additionally, we can use the later ideas of the Philosophical Investigations, especially his criticisms of his earlier work, to account for how these groups are able to change language and attempt to remove these abusive uses of language