Extreme multiplex spectroscopy at wide-field 4-m telescopes

We describe the design and science case for a spectrograph for the prime focus of classical 4-m wide-field telescopes that can deliver at least 4000 MOS slits over a 1 degree field. This extreme multiplex capability means that 25000 galaxy redshifts can be measured in a single night, opening up the possibilities for large galaxy redshift surveys out to z~0.7 and beyond for the purpose of measuring the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale and for many other science goals. The design features four cloned spectrographs and exploits the exclusive possibility of tiling the focal plane of wide-field 4-m telescopes with CCDs for multi-object spectroscopic purposes. In ~200 night projects, such spectrographs have the potential to make galaxy redshift surveys of ~6 million galaxies over a wide redshift range and thus may provide a low-cost alternative to other survey routes such as WFMOS and SKA. Two of these extreme multiplex spectrographs are currently being designed for the AAT (NG1dF) and Calar Alto (XMS) 4-m class telescopes. NG2dF, a larger version for the AAT 2 degree field, would have 12 clones and at least 12000 slits. The clones use a transparent design including a grism in which all optics are smaller than the clone square subfield so that the clones can be tightly packed with little gaps between the contiguous fields. Only low cost glasses are used; the variations in chromatic aberrations between bands are compensated by changing one or two of the lenses adjacent to the grism. The total weight and length is smaller with a few clones than a unique spectrograph which makes it feasible to place the spectrograph at the prime focus.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in proceedings of Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, SPIE conference, Marseille, 23-28 June, 200

RICERCA È SVILUPPO 2020

Background, Research gap and Objective This conference takes up the ambitious challenge of highlighting the positive exchange between scientific knowledge. Even if the Academy is characterized by disciplinary specialization, only rarely analysis and application developments do not need other forms of knowledge or do not involve other scientifically qualified context. Have approved both research works developed by multidisciplinary groups and sectoral works that considered further studies, scenarios and application cases with a multidisciplinary development

Table of Content

   Volume 6, Number 11  June 2014                                                                      ISSN 2085-4021  Teaching Vocabulary through Chants and Storytelling Strategies to the Fifth Grade Pupils of SDN 2 PalembangNian Masna Evawati and Darmaliana................................................................................... 1-9 Obstacles  Teachers Face in Integrating ICT into ELT in Senior High Schoolin Palembang Dedi Kurniawan.................................................................................................................. 10-18 Methods and Practice of Teaching English as EIL in SMA LTI IGM PalembangIda Machdarifah.................................................................................................................. 19-27 Improving Writing Skill of Students of  Hospitality Industry Concentration     Program of Sriwijaya State Polytechnic through WeblogRisa...................................................................................................................................... 28-37  English Speaking Practice in Public Places: Is It Socially Acceptable  or An                  Act of CockinessMoehamad Ridhwan........................................................................................................... 38-47