Modelli di urbanizzazione costiera: morfologia e complessità strutturale, a scala urbana e territoriale, nella Regione Metropolitana di Barcellona

El trabajo se presenta como reflexión sobre la “forma” de diferentes tipologías de ciudades y acerca de las relaciones que las vinculan a un ámbito territorial, en una visión de desarrollo contemporáneo; con particular atención a la influencia que ejercita la cercanía al mar sobre los sistemas urbanos. El objetivo es delinear, gráficamente, esquemas de modelos a través de una operación de abstracción hecha sobre polígonos definidos por el proyecto CORINE Land Cover 2000; asignar, a cada esquema, valores numéricos a diferentes escalas, después de clasificar grupos distintos de asentamientos urbanos por medio de análisis estadísticos; reflexionar, finalmente, sobre los perímetros efectivos de interacción territorial entre los modelos definidos, puesto que, a lo largo de la costa mediterránea, los límites municipales se van difuminando a causa de las nuevas dinámicas urbanizadoras. Además se pretende estudiar conceptos como difusión y fragmentación urbana, “dibujando” dichos patrones de modelos de urbanización reconocibles sobre el territorio y estableciendo criterios de lectura lógico-conceptual de los fenómenos de desarrollo urbano.The work is presented as a reflection as a "form" of different cities typologies and proximity the relationships that bind a territorial basis, in a contemporary vision of development, with particular attention to the influence of urban systems close to the sea. The objective is to delineate, graphically schemes models through an operation of abstraction made on sites identified by Land Cover dataset of CORINE project for year 2000; allocate to each scheme, different scales of numerical values, after classifying different urban settlements groups by means of statistical analyses; showing, finally, on the effective perimeters the interaction between defined spatial models, because, along the Mediterranean coast, the municipal boundaries are blurring by the affect of the new dynamics developers. In addition seeks discussing concepts such as dissemination and urban fragmentation, "drawing" various patterns of recognizable urbanization models over the territory and establishing criteria for reading logical conceptual of the urban development phenomena

Insights into heat islands at the regional scale using a data-driven approach

Urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is crucial in the context of climate change. However, while substantial attention has been given to studying UHIs within cities, our understanding at the regional level still needs to be improved. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of the regional heat island (RHI) by examining its relationship with land use/land cover (LULC), vegetation, and elevation. The objective is to enhance our knowledge of RHI to inform effective mitigation strategies. The research employs a data-driven approach, leveraging satellite data and spatial modeling, examining surface and canopy-layer regional heat islands, and considering daytime and nighttime variations. To assess the impact of LULC, the study evaluates three main categories: anthropized (urbanized), agricultural, and wooded/semi-natural environments. Furthermore, it delves into the influence of vegetation on RHI and incorporates elevation data to understand its role in RHI intensity. The findings reveal meaningful variations in heat islands across different LULCs, providing essential insights. Although urbanized areas exhibit the highest RHI intensity, agricultural regions contribute notably to RHI due to land use changes and reduced vegetation cover. This emphasizes the significant impact of human activities. In contrast, wooded and semi-natural environments demonstrate potential for mitigating RHI, owing to their dense vegetation and shading effects. Elevation, while generally associated with reduced heat island, shows variations based on local conditions. Ultimately, this research underscores the complexity of the RHI phenomenon and the importance of considering factors such as different temperatures and their daily variation, landscape heterogeneity, and elevation. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of sustainable spatial planning and land management. Targeted efforts to increase vegetation in high daytime land surface temperature areas can reduce heat storage and mitigate RHI. Similarly, planning for agroforestry and green infrastructure in agricultural areas can significantly increase resilience to climate

Lagrangian coherent structures in nonlinear dynamos

Turbulence and chaos play a fundamental role in stellar convective zones through the transportof particles, energy and momentum, and in fast dynamos, through the stretching, twisting and folding of magnetic flux tubes. A particularly revealing way to describe turbulent motions is through the analysis of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which are material lines or surfaces that act as transport barriers in the fluid. We report the detection of Lagrangian coherent structures in helical MHD dynamo simulations with scale separation. In an ABC--flow, two dynamo regimes, a propagating coherent mean--field regime and an intermittent regime, are identified as the magnetic diffusivity is varied. The sharp contrast between the chaotic tangle of attracting and repelling LCS in both regimes permits a unique analysis of the impact of the magnetic field on the velocity field. In a second example, LCS reveal the link between the level of chaotic mixing of the velocity field and the saturation of a large--scale dynamo when the magnetic field exceeds the equipartition value

Using ForeCAT Deflections and Rotations to Constrain the Early Evolution of CMEs

To accurately predict the space weather effects of coronal mass ejection (CME) impacts at Earth one must know if and when a CME will impact Earth, and the CME parameters upon impact. Kay et al. (2015b) presents Forecasting a CME's Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT), a model for CME deflections based on the magnetic forces from the background solar magnetic field. Knowing the deflection and rotation of a CME enables prediction of Earth impacts, and the CME orientation upon impact. We first reconstruct the positions of the 2008 April 10 and the 2012 July 12 CMEs from the observations. The first of these CMEs exhibits significant deflection and rotation (34 degrees deflection and 58 degrees rotation), while the second shows almost no deflection or rotation (<3 degrees each). Using ForeCAT, we explore a range of initial parameters, such as the CME location and size, and find parameters that can successfully reproduce the behavior for each CME. Additionally, since the deflection depends strongly on the behavior of a CME in the low corona (Kay et al. (2015a, 2015b)), we are able to constrain the expansion and propagation of these CMEs in the low corona.Comment: accepted in Ap

The Need for Discipline-Based Education Research in Archaeology

Over the last few decades, scholars have recognized the importance of discipline-based education research (DBER). As outlined by the National Research Council of the National Academies, DBER aims to 1) understand how students learn discipline concepts, practices, and ways of thinking; 2) understand how students develop expertise; 3) identify and measure learning objectives and forms of instruction that advance students towards those objectives; 4) contribute knowledge that can transform instruction; and 5) identify approaches to make education broad and inclusive. Physicists, chemists, engineers, biologists, astronomers, and geoscientists have been among the first to adopt DBER. Given research that demonstrates the effectiveness of instructional strategies developed through DBER, I call for archaeologists to adopt this approach to archaeological education, while developing infrastructure that supports and advances such research and derived instruction practices

Using foreCAT deflections and rotations to constrain the early evolution of CMEs

To accurately predict the space weather effects of the impacts of coronal mass ejection (CME) at Earth one must know if and when a CME will impact Earth and the CME parameters upon impact. In 2015 Kay et al. presented Forecasting a CME's Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT), a model for CME deflections based on the magnetic forces from the background solar magnetic field. Knowing the deflection and rotation of a CME enables prediction of Earth impacts and the orientation of the CME upon impact. We first reconstruct the positions of the 2010 April 8 and the 2012 July 12 CMEs from the observations. The first of these CMEs exhibits significant deflection and rotation (34° deflection and 58° rotation), while the second shows almost no deflection or rotation (<3° each). Using ForeCAT, we explore a range of initial parameters, such as the CME's location and size, and find parameters that can successfully reproduce the behavior for each CME. Additionally, since the deflection depends strongly on the behavior of a CME in the low corona, we are able to constrain the expansion and propagation of these CMEs in the low corona.C.K.'s research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA GSFC, administered by the Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. A.V. acknowledges support from JHU/APL. R.C.C. acknowledges the support of NASA contract S-136361-Y to NRL. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and Univ. of Birmingham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA and IAS (France). (JHU/APL; S-136361-Y - NASA)Published versio