Airy Function and 4d Quantum Gravity

We study four-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant in the minisuperspace approximation and compute the partition function for the $S^3$ boundary geometry. In this approximation scheme the path integrals become dominated by a class of asymptotically AdS "microstate geometries." Despite the fact that the theory is pure Einstein gravity without supersymmetry, the result precisely reproduces, up to higher curvature corrections, the Airy function in the $S^3$ partition function of the maximally supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter (CSM) theory which sums up all perturbative $1/N$ corrections. We also show that this can be interpreted as a concrete realization of the idea that the CFT partition function is a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation as advocated in the holographic renormalization group. Furthermore, the agreement persists upon the inclusion of a string probe and it reproduces the Airy function in the vev of half-BPS Wilson loops in the CSM theory. These results may suggest that the supergravity path integrals localize to the minisuperspace in certain cases and the use of the minisuperspace approximation in AdS/CFT may be a viable approach to study $1/N$ corrections to large $N$ CFTs.Comment: 17 page

RNA regulation of lipotoxicity and metabolic stress

Noncoding RNAs are an emerging class of nonpeptide regulators of metabolism. Metabolic diseases and the altered metabolic environment induce marked changes in levels of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that a growing number of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs serve as critical mediators of adaptive and maladaptive responses through their effects on gene expression. The metabolic environment also has a profound impact on the functions of classes of noncoding RNAs that have been thought primarily to subserve housekeeping functions in cells—ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs. Evidence is accumulating that these RNAs are also components of an integrated cellular response to the metabolic milieu. This Perspective discusses the different classes of noncoding RNAs and their contributions to the pathogenesis of metabolic stress

Dynamical entanglement entropy with angular momentum and U(1) charge

We consider time-dependent entanglement entropy (EE) for a 1+1 dimensional CFT in the presence of angular momentum and U(1) charge. The EE saturates, irrespective of the initial state, to the grand canonical entropy after a time large compared with the length of the entangling interval. We reproduce the CFT results from an AdS dual consisting of a spinning BTZ black hole and a flat U(1) connection. The apparent discrepancy that the holographic EE does not a priori depend on the U(1) charge while the CFT EE does, is resolved by the charge-dependent shift between the bulk and boundary stress tensors. We show that for small entangling intervals, the entanglement entropy obeys the first law of thermodynamics, as conjectured recently. The saturation of the EE in the field theory is shown to follow from a version of quantum ergodicity; the derivation indicates that it should hold for conformal as well as massive theories in any number of dimensions.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures; (v2) many comments added for better clarity; typos fixed; references adde

Holographic Entanglement of Purification from Conformal Field Theories

We explore a conformal field theoretic interpretation of the holographic entanglement of purification, which is defined as the minimal area of entanglement wedge cross section. We argue that in AdS3/CFT2, the holographic entanglement of purification agrees with the entanglement entropy for a purified state, obtained from a special Weyl transformation, called path-integral optimizations. By definition, this special purified state has the minimal path-integral complexity. We confirm this claim in several examples.Comment: 7 pages, Revtex, 5 figure

The impact of solar radiation on the temperature of the exposed rocks of the karst canyon (the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland)

The paper presents results of the research on the impact of solar radiation on the formation of the thermal conditions of the exposed rock surfaces of the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland. The research comprised the structure of the radiation balance of the active surface of the bottom of the canyon, the temperature of the surface and the layer at the depth of -5 cm in limestone rock on the southern wall of the canyon. The tests were performed in various types of weather. The strongest mesoclimate contrasts were observed in the radiation type of weather: differences in insolation and in the balance of radiation, thermal differences and variations within the heat flux in the rock. The longwave stream of radiation which was emitted by the heated rocks exerted an impact on the microclimate conditions and on the radiation balance at the bottom of the canyon during the night. A diverse relief of the terrain constituted a local factor differentiating the radiation balance and the distribution of the rock temperature. The quantitatively determined structure of the radiation balance and the thermal contrasts of the canyon, particularly of the rock surfaces, point to the importance of the relief in shaping the mesoclimate of even small karst areas. These characteristics determine the heat flux in the rock, weathering processes and others. The mesoclimate and microclimate of the rocks affect the biodiversity of the rock surfaces of the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland. In addition, they shape the ecotopy of the karst canyon, among others - the vegetation on the limestone rocks