Dimer percolation and jamming on simple cubic lattice

We consider site percolation of dimers (``neadles'') on simple cubic lattice. The percolation threshold is estimated as $p_c^\text{perc} \approx 0.2555 \pm 0.0001$. The jamming threshold is estimated as $p_c^\text{jamm} = 0.799 \pm 0.002$.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EPJ

UA95/1 Glasgow Normal School

Reprint history of Glasgow Normal School excerpted from James Cornette\u27s A History of Western Kentucky State Teachers College

UA12/2/1/2 J.R. Alexander

Tribute to J.R. Alexander, WKU professor of mathematics 1907-1943, by James Cornette which appeared in The College Heights Herald after Alexander\u27s death. A brief bibliography is included

Pharmacokinetics of single feeding of cannabidiol in cattle: A pilot study

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance that has been used in complementary medicine for many years. However, modern medicine has little knowledge of how this substance is utilized and metabolized in ruminant animals. Regulations on quality assurance and use in animals are lacking, and CBD supplementation in livestock is not approved. If CBD supplements can be shown to be safe and effective, detection in the animal will be important for determining regulation of use. A withdrawal period can then be established to allow time for deterioration of product to safe levels before livestock products enter human markets. This study sought to determine the pharmacokinetics of an oral CBD supplement in cattle. An oral gel cannabinoid-containing product, formulated for equine, designed to be absorbed through mucosal membranes was used in this study. Based upon current knowledge, appearance of cannabinoids in plasma should occur at one-hour post administration and increase to peak concentrations at approximately ten hours. Blood collections from the jugular vein of two mature cows occurred at 0 (post-treatment), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours. Subjects were housed in outdoor working pens for the duration of the study, with free access to water and hay. Multiple cannabinoids were detected, which aligned with the guaranteed analysis stated by the manufacturer. Detection of cannabinoids was inconsistent between subjects. Cannabinoids were first detected in plasma at 1-hour post treatment in one subject, and at 12 hours post treatment in the other. Only CBD and 7-hydroxy cannabidiol (CBD-7 acid) were detected during the collection period. Plasma cannabinoid concentrations were still rising at the end of the collection period, indicating that peak concentrations had yet to be reached. Appearance of cannabinoids in plasma indicated that oral gel cannabinoid product was able to be metabolized and absorbed by the ruminant animal. A half-life of the product was unable to be determined. Future studies should consider expanding sampling numbers and extending collection period

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids in Cattle

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance that has been used in complementary medicine for many years. However, modern medicine has little knowledge of how this substance is utilized and broken down in ruminant animals. Regulations on quality assurance and use in animals are lacking, and CBD supplementation in livestock is not approved. If CBD supplements can be shown to be safe and effective, then detection will be important for determining regulations of use. A withdrawal period can then be established to allow time for excretion before livestock products enter human markets. This study sought to determine the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of an oral CBD supplement in ruminant animals. Based upon current knowledge, first appearance of cannabinoids should occur at one hour post administration and increase to peak concentrations at approximately ten hours. An oral gel cannabinoid-containing product designed to be absorbed through mucosal membranes was used in this study. The product was labeled as containing no tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Blood collections from the jugular vein of two mature cows occurred at 0 (post-treatment), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours. Subjects were housed in outdoor working pens for the duration of the study, with free access to water and hay. The product was found to contain THC, contradicting product labeling. Multiple cannabinoids were detected, which aligned with the guaranteed analysis stated by the manufacturer. Detection of cannabinoids was inconsistent between subjects. Cannabinoids were first detected in plasma at 1 hour post treatment in one subject, and at 12 hours post treatment in the other. Only CBD and 7-hydroxy cannabidiol (CBD-7 acid) were detected during the collection period. Plasma cannabinoid concentrations were still rising at the end of the collection period, indicating that peak concentrations had yet to be reached. Appearance of cannabinoids in plasma indicated that oral gel cannabinoid product was able to be metabolized and absorbed by the ruminant animal. In this study, a half-life of the product was unable to be determined. Future studies should consider expanding sampling numbers and extending collection period

Operational Characteristics of Lane Drops

A lane drop is defined as a location on a highway where the number of lanes provided for through traffic decreases. For purposes of this study, the broad category of lane drops has been further subdivided into three specific classes: lane exits, lane splits, and lane terminations. These subdivisions are illustrated schematically in Figure 1. A lane exit refers to a location where the number of through lanes decreases at an interchange on a multilane roadway. A designation of lane split denotes a major fork of a multilane highway where the level of traffic service provided at the terminus of either prong is approximately equal. Thus, the lane split does not have the same exit connotation which is associated with a lane exit. The third category is the lane termination which occurs when a lane is simply terminated. A lane termination leaves a driver with no choice, he must merge into the other available lane(s). A lane termination also has no connection with an exiting situation. Associated with the first two categories, lane exits and lane splits, is the concept of driver decision. The driver who is confident of his destination and the proper path thereto generally presents no conflict with the flow of traffic. The problem arises largely from those drivers who are inattentive, intoxicated, uncertain of how to reach their destination, and(or) have improper driving habits. It is these individuals, as shown in Figure 2, who conflict with the traffic stream. Therefore, it is imperative that the driver be made aware of the necessity for an early decision regarding his course of travel. The driver who makes an errant decision and abides by it is not as dangerous as the one who makes a delayed decision and attempts, often too late, to correct it. Thus, the driver who perchance takes the wrong branch is likely to resort to desperation tactics and back up or undertake some other maneuver that is illegal or contrary to safety. The purpose of the study reported herein was to evaluate the operational characteristics of lane-drop situations as they are influenced by various fore-warning, decision-demanding messages. More specifically, the immediate purpose was to discover types of signs, pavement markings, and lane delineations which minimize or reduce erratic movements at existing lane drops. It was also hoped that an optimum design criteria for lane-drop situations might be determined. Several standard and untried traffic control devices were selected for experimentation. A pilot study at a geographically advantageous location containing three lane splits was conducted. The results of this pilot study are the subject of this report